[ Upstream commit ae254dac721d44c0bfebe2795df87459e2e88219 ]
Prevent the use of the closed (invalid) special stateid by clients.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Elble <aweits@rit.edu>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 9271d7e509c1bfc0b9a418caec29ec8d1ac38270 ]
After taking the stateid st_mutex, we want to know that the stateid
still represents valid state before performing any non-idempotent
actions.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 5b5971df3bc2775107ddad164018a8a8db633b81 ]
v2:
* Replace busy wait with wait_event()/wake_up_all()
* Cannot garantee that at the time xennet_remove is called, the
xen_netback state will not be XenbusStateClosed, so added a
condition for that
* There's a small chance for the xen_netback state is
XenbusStateUnknown by the time the xen_netfront switches to Closed,
so added a condition for that.
When unloading module xen_netfront from guest, dmesg would output
warning messages like below:
[ 105.236836] xen:grant_table: WARNING: g.e. 0x903 still in use!
[ 105.236839] deferring g.e. 0x903 (pfn 0x35805)
This problem relies on netfront and netback being out of sync. By the time
netfront revokes the g.e.'s netback didn't have enough time to free all of
them, hence displaying the warnings on dmesg.
The trick here is to make netfront to wait until netback frees all the g.e.'s
and only then continue to cleanup for the module removal, and this is done by
manipulating both device states.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Otubo <otubo@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit c37c28730bb031cc8a44a130c2555c0f3efbe2d0 ]
Reported by syzkaller:
*** Guest State ***
CR0: actual=0x0000000080010031, shadow=0x0000000060000010, gh_mask=fffffffffffffff7
CR4: actual=0x0000000000002061, shadow=0x0000000000000000, gh_mask=ffffffffffffe8f1
CR3 = 0x000000002081e000
RSP = 0x000000000000fffa RIP = 0x0000000000000000
RFLAGS=0x00023000 DR7 = 0x00000000000000
^^^^^^^^^^
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 24431 at /home/kernel/linux/arch/x86/kvm//x86.c:7302 kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x651/0x2ea0 [kvm]
CPU: 6 PID: 24431 Comm: reprotest Tainted: G W OE 4.14.0+ #26
RIP: 0010:kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x651/0x2ea0 [kvm]
RSP: 0018:ffff880291d179e0 EFLAGS: 00010202
Call Trace:
kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x479/0x880 [kvm]
do_vfs_ioctl+0x142/0x9a0
SyS_ioctl+0x74/0x80
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x23/0x9a
The failed vmentry is triggered by the following beautified testcase:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <linux/kvm.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
long r[5];
int main()
{
struct kvm_debugregs dr = { 0 };
r[2] = open("/dev/kvm", O_RDONLY);
r[3] = ioctl(r[2], KVM_CREATE_VM, 0);
r[4] = ioctl(r[3], KVM_CREATE_VCPU, 7);
struct kvm_guest_debug debug = {
.control = 0xf0403,
.arch = {
.debugreg[6] = 0x2,
.debugreg[7] = 0x2
}
};
ioctl(r[4], KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG, &debug);
ioctl(r[4], KVM_RUN, 0);
}
which testcase tries to setup the processor specific debug
registers and configure vCPU for handling guest debug events through
KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG. The KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG ioctl will get and set
rflags in order to set TF bit if single step is needed. All regs' caches
are reset to avail and GUEST_RFLAGS vmcs field is reset to 0x2 during vCPU
reset. However, the cache of rflags is not reset during vCPU reset. The
function vmx_get_rflags() returns an unreset rflags cache value since
the cache is marked avail, it is 0 after boot. Vmentry fails if the
rflags reserved bit 1 is 0.
This patch fixes it by resetting both the GUEST_RFLAGS vmcs field and
its cache to 0x2 during vCPU reset.
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Tested-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit b77000ed558daa3bef0899d29bf171b8c9b5e6a8 ]
If we fail to prepare our pages for whatever reason (out of memory in
our case) we need to make sure to drop the block_group->data_rwsem,
otherwise hilarity ensues.
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Liu Bo <bo.li.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
[ add label and use existing unlocking code ]
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit fbbdad5edf0bb59786a51b94a9d006bc8c2da9a2 ]
The previous path metric update from RANN frame has not considered
the own link metric toward the transmitting mesh STA. Fix this.
Reported-by: Michael65535
Signed-off-by: Chun-Yeow Yeoh <yeohchunyeow@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 67c8d22a73128ff910e2287567132530abcf5b71 ]
If we want to add a datapath flow, which has more than 500 vxlan outputs'
action, we will get the following error reports:
openvswitch: netlink: Flow action size 32832 bytes exceeds max
openvswitch: netlink: Flow action size 32832 bytes exceeds max
openvswitch: netlink: Actions may not be safe on all matching packets
... ...
It seems that we can simply enlarge the MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE to fix it, but
this is not the root cause. For example, for a vxlan output action, we need
about 60 bytes for the nlattr, but after it is converted to the flow
action, it only occupies 24 bytes. This means that we can still support
more than 1000 vxlan output actions for a single datapath flow under the
the current 32k max limitation.
So even if the nla_len(attr) is larger than MAX_ACTIONS_BUFSIZE, we
shouldn't report EINVAL and keep it move on, as the judgement can be
done by the reserve_sfa_size.
Signed-off-by: zhangliping <zhangliping02@baidu.com>
Acked-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@ovn.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit d12fb13f23199faa7e536acec1db49068e5a067d ]
ffs function return the position of the first bit set on 1 based.
(bit zero returns 1).
Signed-off-by: shaoyun liu <shaoyun.liu@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 6c4ca1e36cdc1a0a7a84797804b87920ccbebf51 ]
register_shrinker is now __must_check, so check it to kill a warning.
Caller of bch_btree_cache_alloc in super.c appropriately checks return
value so this is fully plumbed through.
This V2 fixes checkpatch warnings and improves the commit description,
as I was too hasty getting the previous version out.
Signed-off-by: Michael Lyle <mlyle@lyle.org>
Reviewed-by: Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 0d307935fefa6389eb726c6362351c162c949101 ]
The MIPS loongson cpufreq drivers don't build unless configured for the
correct machine type, due to dependency on machine specific architecture
headers and symbols in machine specific platform code.
More specifically loongson1-cpufreq.c uses RST_CPU_EN and RST_CPU,
neither of which is defined in asm/mach-loongson32/regs-clk.h unless
CONFIG_LOONGSON1_LS1B=y, and loongson2_cpufreq.c references
loongson2_clockmod_table[], which is only defined in
arch/mips/loongson64/lemote-2f/clock.c, i.e. when
CONFIG_LEMOTE_MACH2F=y.
Add these dependencies to Kconfig to avoid randconfig / allyesconfig
build failures (e.g. when based on BMIPS which also has a cpufreq
driver).
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 10809bb976648ac58194a629e3d7af99e7400297 ]
Most Bay and Cherry Trail devices use a generic DSDT with all possible
peripheral devices present in the DSDT, with their _STA returning 0x00 or
0x0f based on AML variables which describe what is actually present on
the board.
Since ACPI device objects with a 0x00 status (not present) still get an
entry under /sys/bus/acpi/devices, and those entry had an acpi:PNPID
modalias, userspace would end up loading modules for non present hardware.
This commit fixes this by leaving the modalias empty for non present
devices. This results in 10 modules less being loaded with a generic
distro kernel config on my Cherry Trail test-device (a GPD pocket).
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit a8bfec2930525808c01f038825d1df3904638631 ]
Some OSes (Linux, Xen) use this behavior to clear the Remote IRR bit for
IOAPICs without an EOI register. They simulate the EOI message manually
by changing the trigger mode to edge and then back to level, with the
entry being masked during this.
QEMU implements this feature in commit ed1263c363c9
("ioapic: clear remote irr bit for edge-triggered interrupts")
As a side effect, this commit removes an incorrect behavior where Remote
IRR was cleared when the redirection table entry was rewritten. This is not
consistent with the manual and also opens an opportunity for a strange
behavior when a redirection table entry is modified from an interrupt
handler that handles the same entry: The modification will clear the
Remote IRR bit even though the interrupt handler is still running.
Signed-off-by: Nikita Leshenko <nikita.leshchenko@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Liran Alon <liran.alon@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Steve Rutherford <srutherford@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 0fc5a36dd6b345eb0d251a65c236e53bead3eef7 ]
KVM uses ioapic_handled_vectors to track vectors that need to notify the
IOAPIC on EOI. The problem is that IOAPIC can be reconfigured while an
interrupt with old configuration is pending or running and
ioapic_handled_vectors only remembers the newest configuration;
thus EOI from the old interrupt is not delievered to the IOAPIC.
A previous commit db2bdcbbbd
("KVM: x86: fix edge EOI and IOAPIC reconfig race")
addressed this issue by adding pending edge-triggered interrupts to
ioapic_handled_vectors, fixing this race for edge-triggered interrupts.
The commit explicitly ignored level-triggered interrupts,
but this race applies to them as well:
1) IOAPIC sends a level triggered interrupt vector to VCPU0
2) VCPU0's handler deasserts the irq line and reconfigures the IOAPIC
to route the vector to VCPU1. The reconfiguration rewrites only the
upper 32 bits of the IOREDTBLn register. (Causes KVM to update
ioapic_handled_vectors for VCPU0 and it no longer includes the vector.)
3) VCPU0 sends EOI for the vector, but it's not delievered to the
IOAPIC because the ioapic_handled_vectors doesn't include the vector.
4) New interrupts are not delievered to VCPU1 because remote_irr bit
is set forever.
Therefore, the correct behavior is to add all pending and running
interrupts to ioapic_handled_vectors.
This commit introduces a slight performance hit similar to
commit db2bdcbbbd ("KVM: x86: fix edge EOI and IOAPIC reconfig race")
for the rare case that the vector is reused by a non-IOAPIC source on
VCPU0. We prefer to keep solution simple and not handle this case just
as the original commit does.
Fixes: db2bdcbbbd ("KVM: x86: fix edge EOI and IOAPIC reconfig race")
Signed-off-by: Nikita Leshenko <nikita.leshchenko@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Liran Alon <liran.alon@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 3853be2603191829b442b64dac6ae8ba0c027bf9 ]
Pedro reported:
During tests that we conducted on KVM, we noticed that executing a "PUSH %ES"
instruction under KVM produces different results on both memory and the SP
register depending on whether EPT support is enabled. With EPT the SP is
reduced by 4 bytes (and the written value is 0-padded) but without EPT support
it is only reduced by 2 bytes. The difference can be observed when the CS.DB
field is 1 (32-bit) but not when it's 0 (16-bit).
The internal segment descriptor cache exist even in real/vm8096 mode. The CS.D
also should be respected instead of just default operand/address-size/66H
prefix/67H prefix during instruction decoding. This patch fixes it by also
adjusting operand/address-size according to CS.D.
Reported-by: Pedro Fonseca <pfonseca@cs.washington.edu>
Tested-by: Pedro Fonseca <pfonseca@cs.washington.edu>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Pedro Fonseca <pfonseca@cs.washington.edu>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 9b8ae63798cb97e785a667ff27e43fa6220cb734 ]
In case of instruction-decode failure or emulation failure,
x86_emulate_instruction() will call reexecute_instruction() which will
attempt to use the cr2 value passed to x86_emulate_instruction().
However, when x86_emulate_instruction() is called from
emulate_instruction(), cr2 is not passed (passed as 0) and therefore
it doesn't make sense to execute reexecute_instruction() logic at all.
Fixes: 51d8b66199 ("KVM: cleanup emulate_instruction")
Signed-off-by: Liran Alon <liran.alon@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Nikita Leshenko <nikita.leshchenko@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 1f4dcb3b213235e642088709a1c54964d23365e9 ]
On this case, handle_emulation_failure() fills kvm_run with
internal-error information which it expects to be delivered
to user-mode for further processing.
However, the code reports a wrong return-value which makes KVM to never
return to user-mode on this scenario.
Fixes: 6d77dbfc88 ("KVM: inject #UD if instruction emulation fails and exit to
userspace")
Signed-off-by: Liran Alon <liran.alon@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Nikita Leshenko <nikita.leshchenko@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d822401d1c6898a4a4ee03977b78b8cec402e88a upstream.
This change resolves a new compile-time warning
when built as a loadable module:
WARNING: modpost: missing MODULE_LICENSE() in drivers/mtd/nand/denali_pci.o
see include/linux/module.h for more information
This adds the license as "GPL v2", which matches the header of the file.
MODULE_DESCRIPTION and MODULE_AUTHOR are also added.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Chan <jc@linux.com>
Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 539340f37e6d6ed4cd93e8e18c9b2e4eafd4b842 upstream.
This change resolves a new compile-time warning
when built as a loadable module:
WARNING: modpost: missing MODULE_LICENSE() in drivers/gpio/gpio-ath79.o
see include/linux/module.h for more information
This adds the license as "GPL v2", which matches the header of the file.
MODULE_DESCRIPTION is also added.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Chan <jc@linux.com>
Acked-by: Alban Bedel <albeu@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 97b03136e1b637d7a9d2274c099e44ecf23f1103 upstream.
This change resolves a new compile-time warning
when built as a loadable module:
WARNING: modpost: missing MODULE_LICENSE() in drivers/gpio/gpio-iop.o
see include/linux/module.h for more information
This adds the license as "GPL", which matches the header of the file.
MODULE_DESCRIPTION and MODULE_AUTHOR are also added.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Chan <jc@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 348c7cf5fcbcb68838255759d4cb45d039af36d2 upstream.
This change resolves a new compile-time warning
when built as a loadable module:
WARNING: modpost: missing MODULE_LICENSE() in drivers/power/reset/zx-reboot.o
see include/linux/module.h for more information
This adds the license as "GPL v2", which matches the header of the file.
MODULE_DESCRIPTION and MODULE_AUTHOR are also added.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Chan <jc@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Reichel <sebastian.reichel@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit bb30b8848c85e18ca7e371d0a869e94b3e383bdf upstream.
The user space interface allows specifying the type and mask field used
to allocate the cipher. Only a subset of the possible flags are intended
for user space. Therefore, white-list the allowed flags.
In case the user space caller uses at least one non-allowed flag, EINVAL
is returned.
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 9c674e1e2f9e24fa4392167efe343749008338e0 upstream.
GCM can be invoked with a zero destination buffer. This is possible if
the AAD and the ciphertext have zero lengths and only the tag exists in
the source buffer (i.e. a source buffer cannot be zero). In this case,
the GCM cipher only performs the authentication and no decryption
operation.
When the destination buffer has zero length, it is possible that no page
is mapped to the SG pointing to the destination. In this case,
sg_page(req->dst) is an invalid access. Therefore, page accesses should
only be allowed if the req->dst->length is non-zero which is the
indicator that a page must exist.
This fixes a crash that can be triggered by user space via AF_ALG.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit b3defb791b26ea0683a93a4f49c77ec45ec96f10 upstream.
The ALSA sequencer ioctls have no protection against racy calls while
the concurrent operations may lead to interfere with each other. As
reported recently, for example, the concurrent calls of setting client
pool with a combination of write calls may lead to either the
unkillable dead-lock or UAF.
As a slightly big hammer solution, this patch introduces the mutex to
make each ioctl exclusive. Although this may reduce performance via
parallel ioctl calls, usually it's not demanded for sequencer usages,
hence it should be negligible.
Reported-by: Luo Quan <a4651386@163.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
[bwh: Backported to 4.4: ioctl dispatch is done from snd_seq_do_ioctl();
take the mutex and add ret variable there.]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Vince reported perf_fuzzer quickly locks up on 4.15-rc7 with PTI;
Robert reported Bad RIP with KPTI and Intel BTS also on 4.15-rc7:
honggfuzz -f /tmp/somedirectorywithatleastonefile \
--linux_perf_bts_edge -s -- /bin/true
(honggfuzz from https://github.com/google/honggfuzz) crashed with
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff9d3215100000
(then narrowed it down to
perf record --per-thread -e intel_bts//u -- /bin/ls).
The intel_bts driver does not use the 'normal' BTS buffer which is
exposed through kaiser_add_mapping(), but instead uses the memory
allocated for the perf AUX buffer.
This obviously comes apart when using PTI, because then the kernel
mapping, which includes that AUX buffer memory, disappears while
switched to user page tables.
Easily fixed in old-Kaiser backports, by applying kaiser_add_mapping()
to those pages; perhaps not so easy for upstream, where 4.15-rc8 commit
99a9dc98ba52 ("x86,perf: Disable intel_bts when PTI") disables for now.
Slightly reorganized surrounding code in bts_buffer_setup_aux(),
so it can better match bts_buffer_free_aux(): free_aux with an #ifdef
to avoid the loop when PTI is off, but setup_aux needs to loop anyway
(and kaiser_add_mapping() is cheap when PTI config is off or "pti=off").
Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Reported-by: Robert Święcki <robert@swiecki.net>
Analyzed-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Analyzed-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vince@deater.net>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suze.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 445b69e3b75e42362a5bdc13c8b8f61599e2228a upstream.
The inital fix for trusted boot and PTI potentially misses the pgd clearing
if pud_alloc() sets a PGD. It probably works in *practice* because for two
adjacent calls to map_tboot_page() that share a PGD entry, the first will
clear NX, *then* allocate and set the PGD (without NX clear). The second
call will *not* allocate but will clear the NX bit.
Defer the NX clearing to a point after it is known that all top-level
allocations have occurred. Add a comment to clarify why.
[ tglx: Massaged changelog ]
[hughd notes: I have not tested tboot, but this looks to me as necessary
and as safe in old-Kaiser backports as it is upstream; I'm not submitting
the commit-to-be-fixed 262b6b30087, since it was undone by 445b69e3b75e,
and makes conflict trouble because of 5-level's p4d versus 4-level's pgd.]
Fixes: 262b6b30087 ("x86/tboot: Unbreak tboot with PTI enabled")
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Jon Masters <jcm@redhat.com>
Cc: "Tim Chen" <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: ning.sun@intel.com
Cc: tboot-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
Cc: andi@firstfloor.org
Cc: luto@kernel.org
Cc: law@redhat.com
Cc: pbonzini@redhat.com
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Cc: gregkh@linux-foundation.org
Cc: dwmw@amazon.co.uk
Cc: nickc@redhat.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180110224939.2695CD47@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit f37a8cb84cce18762e8f86a70bd6a49a66ab964c ]
Alexei found that verifier does not reject stores into context
via BPF_ST instead of BPF_STX. And while looking at it, we
also should not allow XADD variant of BPF_STX.
The context rewriter is only assuming either BPF_LDX_MEM- or
BPF_STX_MEM-type operations, thus reject anything other than
that so that assumptions in the rewriter properly hold. Add
test cases as well for BPF selftests.
Fixes: d691f9e8d4 ("bpf: allow programs to write to certain skb fields")
Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit c366287ebd698ef5e3de300d90cd62ee9ee7373e ]
Divides by zero are not nice, lets avoid them if possible.
Also do_div() seems not needed when dealing with 32bit operands,
but this seems a minor detail.
Fixes: bd4cf0ed33 ("net: filter: rework/optimize internal BPF interpreter's instruction set")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit be95a845cc4402272994ce290e3ad928aff06cb9 ]
In addition to commit b2157399cc98 ("bpf: prevent out-of-bounds
speculation") also change the layout of struct bpf_map such that
false sharing of fast-path members like max_entries is avoided
when the maps reference counter is altered. Therefore enforce
them to be placed into separate cachelines.
pahole dump after change:
struct bpf_map {
const struct bpf_map_ops * ops; /* 0 8 */
struct bpf_map * inner_map_meta; /* 8 8 */
void * security; /* 16 8 */
enum bpf_map_type map_type; /* 24 4 */
u32 key_size; /* 28 4 */
u32 value_size; /* 32 4 */
u32 max_entries; /* 36 4 */
u32 map_flags; /* 40 4 */
u32 pages; /* 44 4 */
u32 id; /* 48 4 */
int numa_node; /* 52 4 */
bool unpriv_array; /* 56 1 */
/* XXX 7 bytes hole, try to pack */
/* --- cacheline 1 boundary (64 bytes) --- */
struct user_struct * user; /* 64 8 */
atomic_t refcnt; /* 72 4 */
atomic_t usercnt; /* 76 4 */
struct work_struct work; /* 80 32 */
char name[16]; /* 112 16 */
/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */
/* size: 128, cachelines: 2, members: 17 */
/* sum members: 121, holes: 1, sum holes: 7 */
};
Now all entries in the first cacheline are read only throughout
the life time of the map, set up once during map creation. Overall
struct size and number of cachelines doesn't change from the
reordering. struct bpf_map is usually first member and embedded
in map structs in specific map implementations, so also avoid those
members to sit at the end where it could potentially share the
cacheline with first map values e.g. in the array since remote
CPUs could trigger map updates just as well for those (easily
dirtying members like max_entries intentionally as well) while
having subsequent values in cache.
Quoting from Google's Project Zero blog [1]:
Additionally, at least on the Intel machine on which this was
tested, bouncing modified cache lines between cores is slow,
apparently because the MESI protocol is used for cache coherence
[8]. Changing the reference counter of an eBPF array on one
physical CPU core causes the cache line containing the reference
counter to be bounced over to that CPU core, making reads of the
reference counter on all other CPU cores slow until the changed
reference counter has been written back to memory. Because the
length and the reference counter of an eBPF array are stored in
the same cache line, this also means that changing the reference
counter on one physical CPU core causes reads of the eBPF array's
length to be slow on other physical CPU cores (intentional false
sharing).
While this doesn't 'control' the out-of-bounds speculation through
masking the index as in commit b2157399cc98, triggering a manipulation
of the map's reference counter is really trivial, so lets not allow
to easily affect max_entries from it.
Splitting to separate cachelines also generally makes sense from
a performance perspective anyway in that fast-path won't have a
cache miss if the map gets pinned, reused in other progs, etc out
of control path, thus also avoids unintentional false sharing.
[1] https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.ch/2018/01/reading-privileged-memory-with-side.html
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit 7891a87efc7116590eaba57acc3c422487802c6f ]
The following snippet was throwing an 'unknown opcode cc' warning
in BPF interpreter:
0: (18) r0 = 0x0
2: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r0
3: (cc) (u32) r0 s>>= (u32) r0
4: (95) exit
Although a number of JITs do support BPF_ALU | BPF_ARSH | BPF_{K,X}
generation, not all of them do and interpreter does neither. We can
leave existing ones and implement it later in bpf-next for the
remaining ones, but reject this properly in verifier for the time
being.
Fixes: 17a5267067 ("bpf: verifier (add verifier core)")
Reported-by: syzbot+93c4904c5c70348a6890@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit 290af86629b25ffd1ed6232c4e9107da031705cb ]
The BPF interpreter has been used as part of the spectre 2 attack CVE-2017-5715.
A quote from goolge project zero blog:
"At this point, it would normally be necessary to locate gadgets in
the host kernel code that can be used to actually leak data by reading
from an attacker-controlled location, shifting and masking the result
appropriately and then using the result of that as offset to an
attacker-controlled address for a load. But piecing gadgets together
and figuring out which ones work in a speculation context seems annoying.
So instead, we decided to use the eBPF interpreter, which is built into
the host kernel - while there is no legitimate way to invoke it from inside
a VM, the presence of the code in the host kernel's text section is sufficient
to make it usable for the attack, just like with ordinary ROP gadgets."
To make attacker job harder introduce BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON config
option that removes interpreter from the kernel in favor of JIT-only mode.
So far eBPF JIT is supported by:
x64, arm64, arm32, sparc64, s390, powerpc64, mips64
The start of JITed program is randomized and code page is marked as read-only.
In addition "constant blinding" can be turned on with net.core.bpf_jit_harden
v2->v3:
- move __bpf_prog_ret0 under ifdef (Daniel)
v1->v2:
- fix init order, test_bpf and cBPF (Daniel's feedback)
- fix offloaded bpf (Jakub's feedback)
- add 'return 0' dummy in case something can invoke prog->bpf_func
- retarget bpf tree. For bpf-next the patch would need one extra hunk.
It will be sent when the trees are merged back to net-next
Considered doing:
int bpf_jit_enable __read_mostly = BPF_EBPF_JIT_DEFAULT;
but it seems better to land the patch as-is and in bpf-next remove
bpf_jit_enable global variable from all JITs, consolidate in one place
and remove this jit_init() function.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit 90caccdd8cc0215705f18b92771b449b01e2474a ]
- bpf prog_array just like all other types of bpf array accepts 32-bit index.
Clarify that in the comment.
- fix x64 JIT of bpf_tail_call which was incorrectly loading 8 instead of 4 bytes
- tighten corresponding check in the interpreter to stay consistent
The JIT bug can be triggered after introduction of BPF_F_NUMA_NODE flag
in commit 96eabe7a40aa in 4.14. Before that the map_flags would stay zero and
though JIT code is wrong it will check bounds correctly.
Hence two fixes tags. All other JITs don't have this problem.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Fixes: 96eabe7a40aa ("bpf: Allow selecting numa node during map creation")
Fixes: b52f00e6a7 ("x86: bpf_jit: implement bpf_tail_call() helper")
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit c131187db2d3fa2f8bf32fdf4e9a4ef805168467 ]
when the verifier detects that register contains a runtime constant
and it's compared with another constant it will prune exploration
of the branch that is guaranteed not to be taken at runtime.
This is all correct, but malicious program may be constructed
in such a way that it always has a constant comparison and
the other branch is never taken under any conditions.
In this case such path through the program will not be explored
by the verifier. It won't be taken at run-time either, but since
all instructions are JITed the malicious program may cause JITs
to complain about using reserved fields, etc.
To fix the issue we have to track the instructions explored by
the verifier and sanitize instructions that are dead at run time
with NOPs. We cannot reject such dead code, since llvm generates
it for valid C code, since it doesn't do as much data flow
analysis as the verifier does.
Fixes: 17a5267067 ("bpf: verifier (add verifier core)")
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit ae6650163c66a7eff1acd6eb8b0f752dcfa8eba5 upstream.
范龙飞 reports that KASAN can report a use-after-free in __lock_acquire.
The reason is due to insufficient serialization in lo_release(), which
will continue to use the loop device even after it has decremented the
lo_refcnt to zero.
In the meantime, another process can come in, open the loop device
again as it is being shut down. Confusion ensues.
Reported-by: 范龙飞 <long7573@126.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1995266727fa8143897e89b55f5d3c79aa828420 upstream.
Commit bdcf0a423ea1 ("kernel: make groups_sort calling a responsibility
group_info allocators") appears to break nfsd rootsquash in a pretty
major way.
It adds a call to groups_sort() inside the loop that copies/squashes
gids, which means the valid gids are sorted along with the following
garbage. The net result is that the highest numbered valid gids are
replaced with any lower-valued garbage gids, possibly including 0.
We should sort only once, after filling in all the gids.
Fixes: bdcf0a423ea1 ("kernel: make groups_sort calling a responsibility ...")
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Wolfgang Walter <linux@stwm.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 4ee806d51176ba7b8ff1efd81f271d7252e03a1d ]
When a tcp socket is closed, if it detects that its net namespace is
exiting, close immediately and do not wait for FIN sequence.
For normal sockets, a reference is taken to their net namespace, so it will
never exit while the socket is open. However, kernel sockets do not take a
reference to their net namespace, so it may begin exiting while the kernel
socket is still open. In this case if the kernel socket is a tcp socket,
it will stay open trying to complete its close sequence. The sock's dst(s)
hold a reference to their interface, which are all transferred to the
namespace's loopback interface when the real interfaces are taken down.
When the namespace tries to take down its loopback interface, it hangs
waiting for all references to the loopback interface to release, which
results in messages like:
unregister_netdevice: waiting for lo to become free. Usage count = 1
These messages continue until the socket finally times out and closes.
Since the net namespace cleanup holds the net_mutex while calling its
registered pernet callbacks, any new net namespace initialization is
blocked until the current net namespace finishes exiting.
After this change, the tcp socket notices the exiting net namespace, and
closes immediately, releasing its dst(s) and their reference to the
loopback interface, which lets the net namespace continue exiting.
Link: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1711407
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97811
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit d0c081b49137cd3200f2023c0875723be66e7ce5 ]
syzbot reported yet another crash [1] that is caused by
insufficient validation of DODGY packets.
Two bugs are happening here to trigger the crash.
1) Flow dissection leaves with incorrect thoff field.
2) skb_probe_transport_header() sets transport header to this invalid
thoff, even if pointing after skb valid data.
3) qdisc_pkt_len_init() reads out-of-bound data because it
trusts tcp_hdrlen(skb)
Possible fixes :
- Full flow dissector validation before injecting bad DODGY packets in
the stack.
This approach was attempted here : https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/
861874/
- Have more robust functions in the core.
This might be needed anyway for stable versions.
This patch fixes the flow dissection issue.
[1]
CPU: 1 PID: 3144 Comm: syzkaller271204 Not tainted 4.15.0-rc4-mm1+ #49
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:17 [inline]
dump_stack+0x194/0x257 lib/dump_stack.c:53
print_address_description+0x73/0x250 mm/kasan/report.c:256
kasan_report_error mm/kasan/report.c:355 [inline]
kasan_report+0x23b/0x360 mm/kasan/report.c:413
__asan_report_load2_noabort+0x14/0x20 mm/kasan/report.c:432
__tcp_hdrlen include/linux/tcp.h:35 [inline]
tcp_hdrlen include/linux/tcp.h:40 [inline]
qdisc_pkt_len_init net/core/dev.c:3160 [inline]
__dev_queue_xmit+0x20d3/0x2200 net/core/dev.c:3465
dev_queue_xmit+0x17/0x20 net/core/dev.c:3554
packet_snd net/packet/af_packet.c:2943 [inline]
packet_sendmsg+0x3ad5/0x60a0 net/packet/af_packet.c:2968
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:628 [inline]
sock_sendmsg+0xca/0x110 net/socket.c:638
sock_write_iter+0x31a/0x5d0 net/socket.c:907
call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:1776 [inline]
new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:469 [inline]
__vfs_write+0x684/0x970 fs/read_write.c:482
vfs_write+0x189/0x510 fs/read_write.c:544
SYSC_write fs/read_write.c:589 [inline]
SyS_write+0xef/0x220 fs/read_write.c:581
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0x96
Fixes: 34fad54c2537 ("net: __skb_flow_dissect() must cap its return value")
Fixes: a6e544b0a8 ("flow_dissector: Jump to exit code in __skb_flow_dissect")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Acked-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit cd9ff4de0107c65d69d02253bb25d6db93c3dbc1 ]
Map all lookup neigh keys to INADDR_ANY for loopback/point-to-point devices
to avoid making an entry for every remote ip the device needs to talk to.
This used the be the old behavior but became broken in a263b30936
(ipv4: Make neigh lookups directly in output packet path) and later removed
in 0bb4087cbe (ipv4: Fix neigh lookup keying over loopback/point-to-point
devices) because it was broken.
Signed-off-by: Jim Westfall <jwestfall@surrealistic.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 096b9854c04df86f03b38a97d40b6506e5730919 ]
Use n->primary_key instead of pkey to account for the possibility that a neigh
constructor function may have modified the primary_key value.
Signed-off-by: Jim Westfall <jwestfall@surrealistic.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 848b159835ddef99cc4193083f7e786c3992f580 ]
with the introduction of commit
b0eb57cb97, it appears that rq->buf_info
is improperly handled. While it is heap allocated when an rx queue is
setup, and freed when torn down, an old line of code in
vmxnet3_rq_destroy was not properly removed, leading to rq->buf_info[0]
being set to NULL prior to its being freed, causing a memory leak, which
eventually exhausts the system on repeated create/destroy operations
(for example, when the mtu of a vmxnet3 interface is changed
frequently.
Fix is pretty straight forward, just move the NULL set to after the
free.
Tested by myself with successful results
Applies to net, and should likely be queued for stable, please
Signed-off-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Reported-By: boyang@redhat.com
CC: boyang@redhat.com
CC: Shrikrishna Khare <skhare@vmware.com>
CC: "VMware, Inc." <pv-drivers@vmware.com>
CC: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Shrikrishna Khare <skhare@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit a0ff660058b88d12625a783ce9e5c1371c87951f ]
After commit cea0cc80a677 ("sctp: use the right sk after waking up from
wait_buf sleep"), it may change to lock another sk if the asoc has been
peeled off in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf.
However, the asoc's new sk could be already closed elsewhere, as it's in
the sendmsg context of the old sk that can't avoid the new sk's closing.
If the sk's last one refcnt is held by this asoc, later on after putting
this asoc, the new sk will be freed, while under it's own lock.
This patch is to revert that commit, but fix the old issue by returning
error under the old sk's lock.
Fixes: cea0cc80a677 ("sctp: use the right sk after waking up from wait_buf sleep")
Reported-by: syzbot+ac6ea7baa4432811eb50@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit c5006b8aa74599ce19104b31d322d2ea9ff887cc ]
The check in sctp_sockaddr_af is not robust enough to forbid binding a
v4mapped v6 addr on a v4 socket.
The worse thing is that v4 socket's bind_verify would not convert this
v4mapped v6 addr to a v4 addr. syzbot even reported a crash as the v4
socket bound a v6 addr.
This patch is to fix it by doing the common sa.sa_family check first,
then AF_INET check for v4mapped v6 addrs.
Fixes: 7dab83de50 ("sctp: Support ipv6only AF_INET6 sockets.")
Reported-by: syzbot+7b7b518b1228d2743963@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
