[ Upstream commit 7041d28115e91f2144f811ffe8a195c696b1e1d0 ]
Clear all user space registers on entry to the kernel and all KVM guest
registers on KVM guest exit if the register does not contain either a
parameter or a result value.
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 35b3fde6203b932b2b1a5b53b3d8808abc9c4f60 ]
The new firmware interfaces for branch prediction behaviour changes
are transparently available for the guest. Nevertheless, there is
new state attached that should be migrated and properly resetted.
Provide a mechanism for handling reset, migration and VSIE.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
[Changed capability number to 152. - Radim]
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 049a2c2d486e8cc82c5cd79fa479c5b105b109e9 ]
Remove the CPU_ALTERNATIVES config option and enable the code
unconditionally. The config option was only added to avoid a conflict
with the named saved segment support. Since that code is gone there is
no reason to keep the CPU_ALTERNATIVES config option.
Just enable it unconditionally to also reduce the number of config
options and make it less likely that something breaks.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 686140a1a9c41d85a4212a1c26d671139b76404b ]
Implement CPU alternatives, which allows to optionally patch newer
instructions at runtime, based on CPU facilities availability.
A new kernel boot parameter "noaltinstr" disables patching.
Current implementation is derived from x86 alternatives. Although
ideal instructions padding (when altinstr is longer then oldinstr)
is added at compile time, and no oldinstr nops optimization has to be
done at runtime. Also couple of compile time sanity checks are done:
1. oldinstr and altinstr must be <= 254 bytes long,
2. oldinstr and altinstr must not have an odd length.
alternative(oldinstr, altinstr, facility);
alternative_2(oldinstr, altinstr1, facility1, altinstr2, facility2);
Both compile time and runtime padding consists of either 6/4/2 bytes nop
or a jump (brcl) + 2 bytes nop filler if padding is longer then 6 bytes.
.altinstructions and .altinstr_replacement sections are part of
__init_begin : __init_end region and are freed after initialization.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a24cd490739586a7d2da3549a1844e1d7c4f4fc4 upstream.
hypfs_fill_super() might fail to allocate sbi; hypfs_kill_super()
should not oops on that.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 15deb080a6087b73089139569558965750e69d67 upstream.
When loadparm is set in reipl parm block, the kernel should also set
DIAG308_FLAGS_LP_VALID flag.
This fixes loadparm ignoring during z/VM fcp -> ccw reipl and kvm direct
boot -> ccw reipl.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit d04a4c76f71dd5335f8e499b59617382d84e2b8d ]
The perf tool assumes that kernel symbols are never present at address
zero. In fact it assumes if functions that map symbols to addresses
return zero, that the symbol was not found.
Given that s390's _text symbol historically is located at address zero
this yields at least a couple of false errors and warnings in one of
perf's test cases about not present symbols ("perf test 1").
To fix this simply move the _text symbol to address 0x200, just behind
the initial psw and channel program located at the beginning of the
kernel image. This is now hard coded within the linker script.
I tried a nicer solution which moves the initial psw and channel
program into an own section. However that would move the symbols
within the "real" head.text section to different addresses, since the
".org" statements within head.S are relative to the head.text
section. If there is a new section in front, everything else will be
moved. Alternatively I could have adjusted all ".org" statements. But
this current solution seems to be the easiest one, since nobody really
cares where the _text symbol is actually located.
Reported-by: Zvonko Kosic <zkosic@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 6dd0d2d22aa363fec075cb2577ba273ac8462e94 upstream.
For some reason, the implementation of some 16-bit ID system calls
(namely, setuid16/setgid16 and setfsuid16/setfsgid16) used type cast
instead of low2highgid/low2highuid macros for converting [GU]IDs, which
led to incorrect handling of value of -1 (which ought to be considered
invalid).
Discovered by strace test suite.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ upstream commit 290af86629b25ffd1ed6232c4e9107da031705cb ]
The BPF interpreter has been used as part of the spectre 2 attack CVE-2017-5715.
A quote from goolge project zero blog:
"At this point, it would normally be necessary to locate gadgets in
the host kernel code that can be used to actually leak data by reading
from an attacker-controlled location, shifting and masking the result
appropriately and then using the result of that as offset to an
attacker-controlled address for a load. But piecing gadgets together
and figuring out which ones work in a speculation context seems annoying.
So instead, we decided to use the eBPF interpreter, which is built into
the host kernel - while there is no legitimate way to invoke it from inside
a VM, the presence of the code in the host kernel's text section is sufficient
to make it usable for the attack, just like with ordinary ROP gadgets."
To make attacker job harder introduce BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON config
option that removes interpreter from the kernel in favor of JIT-only mode.
So far eBPF JIT is supported by:
x64, arm64, arm32, sparc64, s390, powerpc64, mips64
The start of JITed program is randomized and code page is marked as read-only.
In addition "constant blinding" can be turned on with net.core.bpf_jit_harden
v2->v3:
- move __bpf_prog_ret0 under ifdef (Daniel)
v1->v2:
- fix init order, test_bpf and cBPF (Daniel's feedback)
- fix offloaded bpf (Jakub's feedback)
- add 'return 0' dummy in case something can invoke prog->bpf_func
- retarget bpf tree. For bpf-next the patch would need one extra hunk.
It will be sent when the trees are merged back to net-next
Considered doing:
int bpf_jit_enable __read_mostly = BPF_EBPF_JIT_DEFAULT;
but it seems better to land the patch as-is and in bpf-next remove
bpf_jit_enable global variable from all JITs, consolidate in one place
and remove this jit_init() function.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit bdcf0a423ea1c40bbb40e7ee483b50fc8aa3d758 upstream.
In testing, we found that nfsd threads may call set_groups in parallel
for the same entry cached in auth.unix.gid, racing in the call of
groups_sort, corrupting the groups for that entry and leading to
permission denials for the client.
This patch:
- Make groups_sort globally visible.
- Move the call to groups_sort to the modifiers of group_info
- Remove the call to groups_sort from set_groups
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171211151420.18655-1-thiago.becker@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Thiago Rafael Becker <thiago.becker@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Acked-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit fbbd7f1a51965b50dd12924841da0d478f3da71b upstream.
The switch_to() macro has an optimization to avoid saving and
restoring register contents that aren't needed for kernel threads.
There is however the possibility that a kernel thread execve's a user
space program. In such a case the execve'd process can partially see
the contents of the previous process, which shouldn't be allowed.
To avoid this, simply always save and restore register contents on
context switch.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v2.6.37+
Fixes: fdb6d070ef ("switch_to: dont restore/save access & fpu regs for kernel threads")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e779498df587dd2189b30fe5b9245aefab870eb8 upstream.
When wiring up the socket system calls the compat entries were
incorrectly set. Not all of them point to the corresponding compat
wrapper functions, which clear the upper 33 bits of user space
pointers, like it is required.
Fixes: 977108f89c ("s390: wire up separate socketcalls system calls")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 48070c73058be6de9c0d754d441ed7092dfc8f12 ]
As of today QEMU does not provide the AIS facility to its guest. This
prevents Linux guests from using PCI devices as the ais facility is
checked during init. As this is just a performance optimization, we can
move the ais check into the code where we need it (calling the SIC
instruction). This is used at initialization and on interrupt. Both
places do not require any serialization, so we can simply skip the
instruction.
Since we will now get all interrupts, we can also avoid the 2nd scan.
As we can have multiple interrupts in parallel we might trigger spurious
irqs more often for the non-AIS case but the core code can handle that.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pierre Morel <pmorel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 8d9047f8b967ce6181fd824ae922978e1b055cc0 upstream.
Free data structures required for runtime instrumentation from
arch_release_task_struct(). This allows to simplify the code a bit,
and also makes the semantics a bit easier: arch_release_task_struct()
is never called from the task that is being removed.
In addition this allows to get rid of exit_thread() in a later patch.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit cabab3f9f5ca077535080b3252e6168935b914af ]
s390 version of commit 334bb7738764 ("x86/kbuild: enable modversions
for symbols exported from asm") so we get also rid of all these
warnings:
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "_mcount" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "memcpy" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "memmove" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "memset" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "save_fpu_regs" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "sie64a" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
WARNING: EXPORT symbol "sie_exit" [vmlinux] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 5c50538752af7968f53924b22dede8ed4ce4cb3b upstream.
The e7 opcode table does not have an end marker. Hence when trying to
find an unknown e7 instruction the code will access memory behind the
table until it finds something that matches the opcode, or the kernel
crashes, whatever comes first.
This affects not only the in-kernel disassembler but also uprobes and
kprobes which refuse to set a probe on unknown instructions, and
therefore search the opcode tables to figure out if instructions are
known or not.
Fixes: 3585cb0280 ("s390/disassembler: add vector instructions")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d6e646ad7cfa7034d280459b2b2546288f247144 upstream.
For PREEMPT enabled kernels the runtime instrumentation (RI) code
contains a possible use-after-free bug. If a task that makes use of RI
exits, it will execute do_exit() while still enabled for preemption.
That function will call exit_thread_runtime_instr() via
exit_thread(). If exit_thread_runtime_instr() gets preempted after the
RI control block of the task has been freed but before the pointer to
it is set to NULL, then save_ri_cb(), called from switch_to(), will
write to already freed memory.
Avoid this and simply disable preemption while freeing the control
block and setting the pointer to NULL.
Fixes: e4b8b3f33f ("s390: add support for runtime instrumentation")
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a1c5befc1c24eb9c1ee83f711e0f21ee79cbb556 upstream.
Dan Horák reported the following crash related to transactional execution:
User process fault: interruption code 0013 ilc:3 in libpthread-2.26.so[3ff93c00000+1b000]
CPU: 2 PID: 1 Comm: /init Not tainted 4.13.4-300.fc27.s390x #1
Hardware name: IBM 2827 H43 400 (z/VM 6.4.0)
task: 00000000fafc8000 task.stack: 00000000fafc4000
User PSW : 0705200180000000 000003ff93c14e70
R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:1 AS:0 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
User GPRS: 0000000000000077 000003ff00000000 000003ff93144d48 000003ff93144d5e
0000000000000000 0000000000000002 0000000000000000 000003ff00000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000418 0000000000000000 000003ffcc9fe770
000003ff93d28f50 000003ff9310acf0 000003ff92b0319a 000003ffcc9fe6d0
User Code: 000003ff93c14e62: 60e0b030 std %f14,48(%r11)
000003ff93c14e66: 60f0b038 std %f15,56(%r11)
#000003ff93c14e6a: e5600000ff0e tbegin 0,65294
>000003ff93c14e70: a7740006 brc 7,3ff93c14e7c
000003ff93c14e74: a7080000 lhi %r0,0
000003ff93c14e78: a7f40023 brc 15,3ff93c14ebe
000003ff93c14e7c: b2220000 ipm %r0
000003ff93c14e80: 8800001c srl %r0,28
There are several bugs with control register handling with respect to
transactional execution:
- on task switch update_per_regs() is only called if the next task has
an mm (is not a kernel thread). This however is incorrect. This
breaks e.g. for user mode helper handling, where the kernel creates
a kernel thread and then execve's a user space program. Control
register contents related to transactional execution won't be
updated on execve. If the previous task ran with transactional
execution disabled then the new task will also run with
transactional execution disabled, which is incorrect. Therefore call
update_per_regs() unconditionally within switch_to().
- on startup the transactional execution facility is not enabled for
the idle thread. This is not really a bug, but an inconsistency to
other facilities. Therefore enable the facility if it is available.
- on fork the new thread's per_flags field is not cleared. This means
that a child process inherits the PER_FLAG_NO_TE flag. This flag can
be set with a ptrace request to disable transactional execution for
the current process. It should not be inherited by new child
processes in order to be consistent with the handling of all other
PER related debugging options. Therefore clear the per_flags field in
copy_thread_tls().
Reported-and-tested-by: Dan Horák <dan@danny.cz>
Fixes: d35339a42d ("s390: add support for transactional memory")
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 47b2c3fff4932e6fc17ce13d51a43c6969714e20 upstream.
CONFIG_KEYS_COMPAT is defined in arch-specific Kconfigs and is missing for
several 64-bit architectures : mips, parisc, tile.
At the moment and for those architectures, calling in 32-bit userspace the
keyctl syscall would return an ENOSYS error.
This patch moves the CONFIG_KEYS_COMPAT option to security/keys/Kconfig, to
make sure the compatibility wrapper is registered by default for any 64-bit
architecture as long as it is configured with CONFIG_COMPAT.
[DH: Modified to remove arm64 compat enablement also as requested by Eric
Biggers]
Signed-off-by: Bilal Amarni <bilal.amarni@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: James Cowgill <james.cowgill@mips.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit b0a0c2566f28e71e5e32121992ac8060cec75510 ]
While testing some other work that required JIT modifications, I
run into test_bpf causing a hang when JIT enabled on s390. The
problematic test case was the one from ddc665a4bb4b (bpf, arm64:
fix jit branch offset related to ldimm64), and turns out that we
do have a similar issue on s390 as well. In bpf_jit_prog() we
update next instruction address after returning from bpf_jit_insn()
with an insn_count. bpf_jit_insn() returns either -1 in case of
error (e.g. unsupported insn), 1 or 2. The latter is only the
case for ldimm64 due to spanning 2 insns, however, next address
is only set to i + 1 not taking actual insn_count into account,
thus fix is to use insn_count instead of 1. bpf_jit_enable in
mode 2 provides also disasm on s390:
Before fix:
000003ff800349b6: a7f40003 brc 15,3ff800349bc ; target
000003ff800349ba: 0000 unknown
000003ff800349bc: e3b0f0700024 stg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff800349c2: e3e0f0880024 stg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff800349c8: 0db0 basr %r11,%r0
000003ff800349ca: c0ef00000000 llilf %r14,0
000003ff800349d0: e320b0360004 lg %r2,54(%r11)
000003ff800349d6: e330b03e0004 lg %r3,62(%r11)
000003ff800349dc: ec23ffeda065 clgrj %r2,%r3,10,3ff800349b6 ; jmp
000003ff800349e2: e3e0b0460004 lg %r14,70(%r11)
000003ff800349e8: e3e0b04e0004 lg %r14,78(%r11)
000003ff800349ee: b904002e lgr %r2,%r14
000003ff800349f2: e3b0f0700004 lg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff800349f8: e3e0f0880004 lg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff800349fe: 07fe bcr 15,%r14
After fix:
000003ff80ef3db4: a7f40003 brc 15,3ff80ef3dba
000003ff80ef3db8: 0000 unknown
000003ff80ef3dba: e3b0f0700024 stg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff80ef3dc0: e3e0f0880024 stg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff80ef3dc6: 0db0 basr %r11,%r0
000003ff80ef3dc8: c0ef00000000 llilf %r14,0
000003ff80ef3dce: e320b0360004 lg %r2,54(%r11)
000003ff80ef3dd4: e330b03e0004 lg %r3,62(%r11)
000003ff80ef3dda: ec230006a065 clgrj %r2,%r3,10,3ff80ef3de6 ; jmp
000003ff80ef3de0: e3e0b0460004 lg %r14,70(%r11)
000003ff80ef3de6: e3e0b04e0004 lg %r14,78(%r11) ; target
000003ff80ef3dec: b904002e lgr %r2,%r14
000003ff80ef3df0: e3b0f0700004 lg %r11,112(%r15)
000003ff80ef3df6: e3e0f0880004 lg %r14,136(%r15)
000003ff80ef3dfc: 07fe bcr 15,%r14
test_bpf.ko suite runs fine after the fix.
Fixes: 0546231057 ("s390/bpf: Add s390x eBPF JIT compiler backend")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Tested-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit c46fc0424ced3fb71208e72bd597d91b9169a781 upstream.
Zorro reported following crash while having enabled
syscall tracing (CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS):
Unable to handle kernel pointer dereference at virtual ...
Oops: 0011 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
SNIP
Call Trace:
([<000000000024d79c>] ftrace_syscall_enter+0xec/0x1d8)
[<00000000001099c6>] do_syscall_trace_enter+0x236/0x2f8
[<0000000000730f1c>] sysc_tracesys+0x1a/0x32
[<000003fffcf946a2>] 0x3fffcf946a2
INFO: lockdep is turned off.
Last Breaking-Event-Address:
[<000000000022dd44>] rb_event_data+0x34/0x40
---[ end trace 8c795f86b1b3f7b9 ]---
The crash happens in syscall_get_arguments function for
syscalls with zero arguments, that will try to access
first argument (args[0]) in event entry, but it's not
allocated.
Bail out of there are no arguments.
Reported-by: Zorro Lang <zlang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a73dc5370e153ac63718d850bddf0c9aa9d871e6 upstream.
Now that explicitly executed loaders are loaded in the mmap region, we
have more freedom to decide where we position PIE binaries in the
address space to avoid possible collisions with mmap or stack regions.
For 64-bit, align to 4GB to allow runtimes to use the entire 32-bit
address space for 32-bit pointers. On 32-bit use 4MB, which is the
traditional x86 minimum load location, likely to avoid historically
requiring a 4MB page table entry when only a portion of the first 4MB
would be used (since the NULL address is avoided). For s390 the
position could be 0x10000, but that is needlessly close to the NULL
address.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1498154792-49952-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Pratyush Anand <panand@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit e991c24d68b8c0ba297eeb7af80b1e398e98c33f ]
We have quite a lot of code that depends on the order of the
__ctl_load inline assemby and subsequent memory accesses, like
e.g. disabling lowcore protection and the writing to lowcore.
Since the __ctl_load macro does not have memory barrier semantics, nor
any other dependencies the compiler is, theoretically, free to shuffle
code around. Or in other words: storing to lowcore could happen before
lowcore protection is disabled.
In order to avoid this class of potential bugs simply add a full
memory barrier to the __ctl_load macro.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1be7107fbe18eed3e319a6c3e83c78254b693acb upstream.
Stack guard page is a useful feature to reduce a risk of stack smashing
into a different mapping. We have been using a single page gap which
is sufficient to prevent having stack adjacent to a different mapping.
But this seems to be insufficient in the light of the stack usage in
userspace. E.g. glibc uses as large as 64kB alloca() in many commonly
used functions. Others use constructs liks gid_t buffer[NGROUPS_MAX]
which is 256kB or stack strings with MAX_ARG_STRLEN.
This will become especially dangerous for suid binaries and the default
no limit for the stack size limit because those applications can be
tricked to consume a large portion of the stack and a single glibc call
could jump over the guard page. These attacks are not theoretical,
unfortunatelly.
Make those attacks less probable by increasing the stack guard gap
to 1MB (on systems with 4k pages; but make it depend on the page size
because systems with larger base pages might cap stack allocations in
the PAGE_SIZE units) which should cover larger alloca() and VLA stack
allocations. It is obviously not a full fix because the problem is
somehow inherent, but it should reduce attack space a lot.
One could argue that the gap size should be configurable from userspace,
but that can be done later when somebody finds that the new 1MB is wrong
for some special case applications. For now, add a kernel command line
option (stack_guard_gap) to specify the stack gap size (in page units).
Implementation wise, first delete all the old code for stack guard page:
because although we could get away with accounting one extra page in a
stack vma, accounting a larger gap can break userspace - case in point,
a program run with "ulimit -S -v 20000" failed when the 1MB gap was
counted for RLIMIT_AS; similar problems could come with RLIMIT_MLOCK
and strict non-overcommit mode.
Instead of keeping gap inside the stack vma, maintain the stack guard
gap as a gap between vmas: using vm_start_gap() in place of vm_start
(or vm_end_gap() in place of vm_end if VM_GROWSUP) in just those few
places which need to respect the gap - mainly arch_get_unmapped_area(),
and and the vma tree's subtree_gap support for that.
Original-patch-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Original-patch-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # parisc
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
[wt: backport to 4.11: adjust context]
[wt: backport to 4.9: adjust context ; kernel doc was not in admin-guide]
[wt: backport to 4.4: adjust context ; drop ppc hugetlb_radix changes]
Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
[gkh: minor build fixes for 4.4]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit c0e7bb38c07cbd8269549ee0a0566021a3c729de upstream.
For most cases a protection exception in the host (e.g. copy
on write or dirty tracking) on the sie instruction will indicate
an instruction length of 4. Turns out that there are some corner
cases (e.g. runtime instrumentation) where this is not necessarily
true and the ILC is unpredictable.
Let's replace our 4 byte rewind_pad with 3 byte nops to prepare for
all possible ILCs.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit c34a69059d7876e0793eb410deedfb08ccb22b02 upstream.
The identity mapping is suboptimal for the last 2GB frame. The mapping
will be established with a mix of 4KB and 1MB mappings instead of a
single 2GB mapping.
This happens because of a off-by-one bug introduced with
commit 50be634507 ("s390/mm: Convert bootmem to memblock").
Currently the identity mapping looks like this:
0x0000000080000000-0x0000000180000000 4G PUD RW
0x0000000180000000-0x00000001fff00000 2047M PMD RW
0x00000001fff00000-0x0000000200000000 1M PTE RW
With the bug fixed it looks like this:
0x0000000080000000-0x0000000200000000 6G PUD RW
Fixes: 50be634507 ("s390/mm: Convert bootmem to memblock")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 07a63cbe8bcb6ba72fb989dcab1ec55ec6c36c7e upstream.
git commit c5328901aa "[S390] entry[64].S improvements" removed
the update of the exit_timer lowcore field from the critical section
cleanup of the .Lsysc_restore/.Lsysc_done and .Lio_restore/.Lio_done
blocks. If the PSW is updated by the critical section cleanup to point to
user space again, the interrupt entry code will do a vtime calculation
after the cleanup completed with an exit_timer value which has *not* been
updated. Due to this incorrect system time deltas are calculated.
If an interrupt occured with an old PSW between .Lsysc_restore/.Lsysc_done
or .Lio_restore/.Lio_done update __LC_EXIT_TIMER with the system entry
time of the interrupt.
Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit dcc00b79fc3d076832f7240de8870f492629b171 upstream.
Since linux v3.14 with commit 38dfac843c ("vmcore: prevent PT_NOTE
p_memsz overflow during header update") on s390 we get the following
message in the kdump kernel:
Warning: Exceeded p_memsz, dropping PT_NOTE entry n_namesz=0x6b6b6b6b,
n_descsz=0x6b6b6b6b
The reason for this is that we don't create a final zero note in
the ELF header which the proc/vmcore code uses to find out the end
of the notes section (see also kernel/kexec_core.c:final_note()).
It still worked on s390 by chance because we (most of the time?) have the
byte pattern 0x6b6b6b6b after the notes section which also makes the notes
parsing code stop in update_note_header_size_elf64() because 0x6b6b6b6b is
interpreded as note size:
if ((real_sz + sz) > max_sz) {
pr_warn("Warning: Exceeded p_memsz, dropping P ...);
break;
}
So fix this and add the missing final note to the ELF header.
We don't have to adjust the memory size for ELF header ("alloc_size")
because the new ELF note still fits into the 0x1000 base memory.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a8f60d1fadf7b8b54449fcc9d6b15248917478ba upstream.
On heavy paging with KSM I see guest data corruption. Turns out that
KSM will add pages to its tree, where the mapping return true for
pte_unused (or might become as such later). KSM will unmap such pages
and reinstantiate with different attributes (e.g. write protected or
special, e.g. in replace_page or write_protect_page)). This uncovered
a bug in our pagetable handling: We must remove the unused flag as
soon as an entry becomes present again.
Signed-of-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d09c5373e8e4eaaa09233552cbf75dc4c4f21203 upstream.
Commit fd2d2b191fe7 ("s390: get_user() should zero on failure")
intended to fix s390's get_user() implementation which did not zero
the target operand if the read from user space faulted. Unfortunately
the patch has no effect: the corresponding inline assembly specifies
that the operand is only written to ("=") and the previous value is
discarded.
Therefore the compiler is free to and actually does omit the zero
initialization.
To fix this simply change the contraint modifier to "+", so the
compiler cannot omit the initialization anymore.
Fixes: c9ca78415a ("s390/uaccess: provide inline variants of get_user/put_user")
Fixes: fd2d2b191fe7 ("s390: get_user() should zero on failure")
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d82c0d12c92705ef468683c9b7a8298dd61ed191 upstream.
Reorder the operations in decompress_kernel() to ensure initrd is moved
to a safe location before the bss section is zeroed.
During decompression bss can overlap with the initrd and this can
corrupt the initrd contents depending on the size of the compressed
kernel (which affects where the initrd is placed by the bootloader) and
the size of the bss section of the decompressor.
Also use the correct initrd size when checking for overlaps with
parmblock.
Fixes: 06c0dd72ae ([S390] fix boot failures with compressed kernels)
Reviewed-by: Joy Latten <joy.latten@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Vineetha HariPai <vineetha.hari.pai@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Henrique Cerri <marcelo.cerri@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit dba599091c191d209b1499511a524ad9657c0e5a upstream.
After a failure during registration of the dma_table (because of the
function being in error state) we free its memory but don't reset the
associated pointer to zero.
When we then receive a notification from firmware (about the function
being in error state) we'll try to walk and free the dma_table again.
Fix this by resetting the dma_table pointer. In addition to that make
sure that we free the iommu_bitmap when appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a4a81d8eebdc1d209d034f62a082a5131e4242b5 upstream.
In binutils/libbfd (bfd/elf.c) it is enforced that all s390 specific ELF
notes like e.g. NT_S390_PREFIX or NT_S390_CTRS have "LINUX" specified
as note name. Otherwise the notes are ignored.
For /proc/vmcore we currently use "CORE" for these notes.
Up to now this has not been a real problem because the dump analysis tool
"crash" does not check the note name. But it will break all programs that
use libbfd for processing ELF notes.
So fix this and use "LINUX" for all s390 specific notes to comply with
libbfd.
Reported-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2e4d88009f57057df7672fa69a32b5224af54d37 upstream.
While we can technically not run huge page guests right now, we can
setup a guest with huge pages. Trying to migrate it will trigger a
VM_BUG_ON and, if the kernel is not configured to panic on a BUG, it
will happily try to work on non-existing page table entries.
With this patch, we always return "dirty" if we encounter a large page
when migrating. This at least fixes the immediate problem until we
have proper handling for both kind of pages.
Fixes: 15f36eb ("KVM: s390: Add proper dirty bitmap support to S390 kvm.")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.16+
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 4920e3cf77347d7d7373552d4839e8d832321313 upstream.
The current implementation of setup_randomness uses the stack address
and therefore the pointer to the SYSIB 3.2.2 block as input data
address. Furthermore the length of the input data is the number of
virtual-machine description blocks which is typically one.
This means that typically a single zero byte is fed to
add_device_randomness.
Fix both of these and use the address of the first virtual machine
description block as input data address and also use the correct
length.
Fixes: bcfcbb6bae ("s390: add system information as device randomness")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit da8fd820f389a0e29080b14c61bf5cf1d8ef5ca1 upstream.
Commit bcfcbb6bae ("s390: add system information as device
randomness") intended to add some virtual machine specific information
to the randomness pool.
Unfortunately it uses the page allocator before it is ready to use. In
result the page allocator always returns NULL and the setup_randomness
function never adds anything to the randomness pool.
To fix this use memblock_alloc and memblock_free instead.
Fixes: bcfcbb6bae ("s390: add system information as device randomness")
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit fb94a687d96c570d46332a4a890f1dcb7310e643 upstream.
Return a sensible value if TASK_SIZE if called from a kernel thread.
This gets us around an issue with copy_mount_options that does a magic
size calculation "TASK_SIZE - (unsigned long)data" while in a kernel
thread and data pointing to kernel space.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e1e8a9624f7ba8ead4f056ff558ed070e86fa747 upstream.
User controlled KVM guests do not support the dirty log, as they have
no single gmap that we can check for changes.
As they have no single gmap, kvm->arch.gmap is NULL and all further
referencing to it for dirty checking will result in a NULL
dereference.
Let's return -EINVAL if a caller tries to sync dirty logs for a
UCONTROL guest.
Fixes: 15f36eb ("KVM: s390: Add proper dirty bitmap support to S390 kvm.")
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 9dce990d2cf57b5ed4e71a9cdbd7eae4335111ff upstream.
Ensure that if userspace supplies insufficient data to
PTRACE_SETREGSET to fill all the registers, the thread's old
registers are preserved.
convert_vx_to_fp() is adapted to handle only a specified number of
registers rather than unconditionally handling all of them: other
callers of this function are adapted appropriately.
Based on an initial patch by Dave Martin.
Reported-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 9e6e7c74315095fd40f41003850690c711e44420 upstream.
We added some new locking but forgot to unlock on error.
Fixes: 57127645d7 ("s390/zcrypt: Introduce new SHA-512 based Pseudo Random Generator.")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 237d6e6884136923b6bd26d5141ebe1d065960c9 upstream.
Since commit d86bd1bece6f ("mm/slub: support left redzone") it is no longer
guaranteed that kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE) returns page aligned memory.
After the above commit we get an error for diag224 because aligned
memory is required. This leads to the following user visible error:
# mount none -t s390_hypfs /sys/hypervisor/
mount: unknown filesystem type 's390_hypfs'
# dmesg | grep hypfs
hypfs.cccfb8: The hardware system does not provide all functions
required by hypfs
hypfs.7a79f0: Initialization of hypfs failed with rc=-61
Fix this problem and use get_free_page() instead of kmalloc() to get
correctly aligned memory.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit f045402984404ddc11016358411e445192919047 upstream.
__tlb_flush_asce() should never be used if multiple asce belong to a mm.
As this function changes mm logic determining if local or global tlb
flushes will be neded, we might end up flushing only the gmap asce on all
CPUs and a follow up mm asce flushes will only flush on the local CPU,
although that asce ran on multiple CPUs.
The missing tlb flushes will provoke strange faults in user space and even
low address protections in user space, crashing the kernel.
Fixes: 1b948d6cae ("s390/mm,tlb: optimize TLB flushing for zEC12")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 3.15+
Reported-by: Sascha Silbe <silbe@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 74b2375e6767935e6d9220bdbc6ed0db57f71a59 ]
When the prng device driver calls misc_register() there is the possibility
to also provide the recommented file permissions. This fix now gives
useful values (0644) where previously just the default was used (resulting
in 0600 for the device file).
Signed-off-by: Harald Freudenberger <freude@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 69eea95c48857c9dfcac120d6acea43027627b28 ]
DMA addresses returned from map_page() are calculated by using an iommu
bitmap plus a start_dma offset. The size of this bitmap is based on the main
memory size. If we have more than (4 TB - start_dma) main memory, the DMA
address calculation will also produce addresses > 4 TB. Such addresses
cannot be inserted in the 3-level DMA page table, instead the entries
modulo 4 TB will be overwritten.
Fix this by restricting the iommu bitmap size to (4 TB - start_dma).
Also set zdev->end_dma to the actual end address of the usable
range, instead of the theoretical maximum as reported by the hardware,
which fixes a sanity check in dma_map() and also the IOMMU API domain
geometry aperture calculation.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 5419447e2142d6ed68c9f5c1a28630b3a290a845 upstream.
This reverts commit 852ffd0f4e.
There are use cases where an intermediate boot kernel (1) uses kexec
to boot the final production kernel (2). For this scenario we should
provide the original boot information to the production kernel (2).
Therefore clearing the boot information during kexec() should not
be done.
Reported-by: Steffen Maier <maier@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit bcf4dd5f9ee096bd1510f838dd4750c35df4e38b upstream.
The test_fp_ctl function is used to test if a given value is a valid
floating-point control. The inline assembly in test_fp_ctl uses an
incorrect constraint for the 'orig_fpc' variable. If the compiler
chooses the same register for 'fpc' and 'orig_fpc' the test_fp_ctl()
function always returns true. This allows user space to trigger
kernel oopses with invalid floating-point control values on the
signal stack.
This problem has been introduced with git commit 4725c86055
"s390: fix save and restore of the floating-point-control register"
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 0fa963553a5c28d8f8aabd8878326d3f782045fc upstream.
The s390 BFP compiler currently uses relative branch instructions
that only support jumps up to 64 KB. Examples are "j", "jnz", "cgrj",
etc. Currently the maximum size of s390 BPF programs is set
to 0x7ffff. If branches over 64 KB are generated the, kernel can
crash due to incorrect code.
So fix this an reduce the maximum size to 64 KB. Programs larger than
that will be interpreted.
Fixes: ce2b6ad9c1 ("s390/bpf: increase BPF_SIZE_MAX")
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
