commit 0e410e158e5baa1300bdf678cea4f4e0cf9d8b94 upstream.
With KASAN enabled the kernel has two different memset() functions, one
with KASAN checks (memset) and one without (__memset). KASAN uses some
macro tricks to use the proper version where required. For example
memset() calls in mm/slub.c are without KASAN checks, since they operate
on poisoned slab object metadata.
The issue is that clang emits memset() calls even when there is no
memset() in the source code. They get linked with improper memset()
implementation and the kernel fails to boot due to a huge amount of KASAN
reports during early boot stages.
The solution is to add -fno-builtin flag for files with KASAN_SANITIZE :=
n marker.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8ffecfffe04088c52c42b92739c2bd8a0bcb3f5e.1516384594.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
[ Nick : Backported to 4.4 avoiding KUBSAN ]
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The newly added dtc warning to check DT unit-address without reg
property and vice-versa generates lots of warnings. Turn off the check
unless building with W=1 or W=2.
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
(cherry picked from commit bc553986a2f7c56d0de811485d5312ea29692d5d)
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@google.com>
Change-Id: Ief2e68988f6cf32cb4e98f489fa4079f523c0887
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Merge 4.4.122 into android-4.4
Changes in 4.4.122
RDMA/ucma: Limit possible option size
RDMA/ucma: Check that user doesn't overflow QP state
RDMA/mlx5: Fix integer overflow while resizing CQ
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix NULL pointer crash due to active timer for ABTS
workqueue: Allow retrieval of current task's work struct
drm: Allow determining if current task is output poll worker
drm/nouveau: Fix deadlock on runtime suspend
drm/radeon: Fix deadlock on runtime suspend
drm/amdgpu: Fix deadlock on runtime suspend
drm/amdgpu: Notify sbios device ready before send request
drm/radeon: fix KV harvesting
drm/amdgpu: fix KV harvesting
MIPS: BMIPS: Do not mask IPIs during suspend
MIPS: ath25: Check for kzalloc allocation failure
MIPS: OCTEON: irq: Check for null return on kzalloc allocation
Input: matrix_keypad - fix race when disabling interrupts
loop: Fix lost writes caused by missing flag
kbuild: Handle builtin dtb file names containing hyphens
bcache: don't attach backing with duplicate UUID
x86/MCE: Serialize sysfs changes
ALSA: hda/realtek - Fix dock line-out volume on Dell Precision 7520
ALSA: seq: Don't allow resizing pool in use
ALSA: seq: More protection for concurrent write and ioctl races
ALSA: hda: add dock and led support for HP EliteBook 820 G3
ALSA: hda: add dock and led support for HP ProBook 640 G2
nospec: Include <asm/barrier.h> dependency
watchdog: hpwdt: SMBIOS check
watchdog: hpwdt: Check source of NMI
watchdog: hpwdt: fix unused variable warning
netfilter: nfnetlink_queue: fix timestamp attribute
ARM: omap2: hide omap3_save_secure_ram on non-OMAP3 builds
Input: tca8418_keypad - remove double read of key event register
tc358743: fix register i2c_rd/wr function fix
netfilter: add back stackpointer size checks
netfilter: x_tables: fix missing timer initialization in xt_LED
netfilter: nat: cope with negative port range
netfilter: IDLETIMER: be syzkaller friendly
netfilter: ebtables: CONFIG_COMPAT: don't trust userland offsets
netfilter: bridge: ebt_among: add missing match size checks
netfilter: ipv6: fix use-after-free Write in nf_nat_ipv6_manip_pkt
netfilter: use skb_to_full_sk in ip_route_me_harder
netfilter: x_tables: pass xt_counters struct instead of packet counter
netfilter: x_tables: pass xt_counters struct to counter allocator
netfilter: x_tables: pack percpu counter allocations
ext4: inplace xattr block update fails to deduplicate blocks
ubi: Fix race condition between ubi volume creation and udev
scsi: qla2xxx: Replace fcport alloc with qla2x00_alloc_fcport
NFS: Fix an incorrect type in struct nfs_direct_req
Revert "ARM: dts: LogicPD Torpedo: Fix I2C1 pinmux"
x86/module: Detect and skip invalid relocations
x86: Treat R_X86_64_PLT32 as R_X86_64_PC32
serial: sh-sci: prevent lockup on full TTY buffers
tty/serial: atmel: add new version check for usart
uas: fix comparison for error code
staging: comedi: fix comedi_nsamples_left.
staging: android: ashmem: Fix lockdep issue during llseek
USB: storage: Add JMicron bridge 152d:2567 to unusual_devs.h
usb: quirks: add control message delay for 1b1c:1b20
USB: usbmon: remove assignment from IS_ERR argument
usb: usbmon: Read text within supplied buffer size
usb: gadget: f_fs: Fix use-after-free in ffs_fs_kill_sb()
serial: 8250_pci: Add Brainboxes UC-260 4 port serial device
fixup: sctp: verify size of a new chunk in _sctp_make_chunk()
Linux 4.4.122
Change-Id: I0946c4a7c59be33f18bed6498c3cdb748e82bbaf
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@google.com>
commit 55fe6da9efba102866e2fb5b40b04b6a4b26c19e upstream.
cmd_dt_S_dtb constructs the assembly source to incorporate a devicetree
FDT (that is, the .dtb file) as binary data in the kernel image. This
assembly source contains labels before and after the binary data. The
label names incorporate the file name of the corresponding .dtb file.
Hyphens are not legal characters in labels, so .dtb files built into the
kernel with hyphens in the file name result in errors like the
following:
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S: Assembler messages:
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S:5: Error: : no such section
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S:5: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `-'
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S:6: Error: unrecognized opcode `__dtb_bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g_begin:'
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S:8: Error: unrecognized opcode `__dtb_bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g_end:'
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S:9: Error: : no such section
bcm3368-netgear-cvg834g.dtb.S:9: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `-'
Fix this by updating cmd_dt_S_dtb to transform all hyphens from the file
name to underscores when constructing the labels.
As of v4.16-rc2, 1139 .dts files across ARM64, ARM, MIPS and PowerPC
contain hyphens in their names, but the issue only currently manifests
on Broadcom MIPS platforms, as that is the only place where such files
are built into the kernel. For example when CONFIG_DT_NETGEAR_CVG834G=y,
or on BMIPS kernels when the dtbs target is used (in the latter case it
admittedly shouldn't really build all the dtb.o files, but thats a
separate issue).
Fixes: 695835511f96 ("MIPS: BMIPS: rename bcm96358nb4ser to bcm6358-neufbox4-sercom")
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frowand.list@gmail.com>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Kevin Cernekee <cernekee@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.9+
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing
(randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique
that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a
system. A notable user-space example is AFL
(http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not
widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel
support.
kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to
collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs.
To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard
interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or
non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking).
Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the
API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also
implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash
table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've
dropped the second mode for simplicity.
This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary
compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296.
We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has
found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months:
https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs
We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller.
Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly
help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a
random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire.
Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset
coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A
typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid
input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as
reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic
blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of
kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of
that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always
background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage.
With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible.
kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is
insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible.
Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode']
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Bug: 64145065
(cherry-picked from 5c9a8750a6409c63a0f01d51a9024861022f6593)
Change-Id: I17b5e04f6e89b241924e78ec32ead79c38b860ce
Signed-off-by: Paul Lawrence <paullawrence@google.com>
KBuild abuses the asm statement to write to a file and
clang chokes about these invalid asm statements. Hack it
even more by fooling this is actual valid asm code.
[masahiro:
Import Jeroen's work for U-Boot:
http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/375026/
Tweak sed script a little to avoid garbage '#' for GCC case, like
#define NR_PAGEFLAGS 23 /* __NR_PAGEFLAGS # */ ]
Signed-off-by: Jeroen Hofstee <jeroen@myspectrum.nl>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
(cherry picked from commit cf0c3e68aa81f992b0301f62e341b710d385bf68)
Signed-off-by: Greg Hackmann <ghackmann@google.com>
Change-Id: Ifbfd4eff59a7f4304f0d8fdcba4075100244562f
This part ended up in redundant code after touched by multiple
people.
[1] Commit 3234282f33 ("x86, asm: Fix CFI macro invocations to
deal with shortcomings in gas") added parentheses for defined
expressions to support old gas for x86.
[2] Commit a22dcdb003 ("x86, asm: Fix ancient-GAS workaround")
split the pattern into two to avoid parentheses for non-numeric
expressions.
[3] Commit 95a2f6f72d ("Partially revert patch that encloses
asm-offset.h numbers in brackets") removed parentheses from numeric
expressions as well because parentheses in MN10300 assembly have a
special meaning (pointer access).
Apparently, there is a conflict between [1] and [3]. After all,
[3] took precedence, and a long time has passed since then.
Now, merge the two patterns again because the first one is covered
by the other.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
(cherry picked from commit 7dd47b95b0f54f2057d40af6e66d477e3fe95d13)
Signed-off-by: Greg Hackmann <ghackmann@google.com>
Change-Id: Idf9e632df984fbc9cb834e7f7b5d33f21da87dbc
Largely redundant code is used in different places to generate C headers
from offset information extracted from assembly language output.
Consolidate the code in Makefile.lib and use this instead.
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
(cherry picked from commit ebf003f0cfb3705e60d40dedc3ec949176c741af)
Signed-off-by: Greg Hackmann <ghackmann@google.com>
Change-Id: I0acd54dd27c0cf0868f221bd63728a9b67320b25
Allow CONFIG_BUILD_ARM_APPENDED_DTB_IMAGE_NAMES to specify
a space separated list of dtbs to append to the zImage,
and name the resulting file zImage-dtb
Change-Id: Ied5d0bafbd1d01fc1f109c15c4283de7029903c9
Signed-off-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
When building specific DTBs out of the kernel tree the vendor subdirs
(boot/dts/<vendor>) are not created, ensure that they are before
building the DTB.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Rossi <nathan.rossi@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Kernel Address sanitizer (KASan) is a dynamic memory error detector. It
provides fast and comprehensive solution for finding use-after-free and
out-of-bounds bugs.
KASAN uses compile-time instrumentation for checking every memory access,
therefore GCC > v4.9.2 required. v4.9.2 almost works, but has issues with
putting symbol aliases into the wrong section, which breaks kasan
instrumentation of globals.
This patch only adds infrastructure for kernel address sanitizer. It's
not available for use yet. The idea and some code was borrowed from [1].
Basic idea:
The main idea of KASAN is to use shadow memory to record whether each byte
of memory is safe to access or not, and use compiler's instrumentation to
check the shadow memory on each memory access.
Address sanitizer uses 1/8 of the memory addressable in kernel for shadow
memory and uses direct mapping with a scale and offset to translate a
memory address to its corresponding shadow address.
Here is function to translate address to corresponding shadow address:
unsigned long kasan_mem_to_shadow(unsigned long addr)
{
return (addr >> KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET;
}
where KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT = 3.
So for every 8 bytes there is one corresponding byte of shadow memory.
The following encoding used for each shadow byte: 0 means that all 8 bytes
of the corresponding memory region are valid for access; k (1 <= k <= 7)
means that the first k bytes are valid for access, and other (8 - k) bytes
are not; Any negative value indicates that the entire 8-bytes are
inaccessible. Different negative values used to distinguish between
different kinds of inaccessible memory (redzones, freed memory) (see
mm/kasan/kasan.h).
To be able to detect accesses to bad memory we need a special compiler.
Such compiler inserts a specific function calls (__asan_load*(addr),
__asan_store*(addr)) before each memory access of size 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16.
These functions check whether memory region is valid to access or not by
checking corresponding shadow memory. If access is not valid an error
printed.
Historical background of the address sanitizer from Dmitry Vyukov:
"We've developed the set of tools, AddressSanitizer (Asan),
ThreadSanitizer and MemorySanitizer, for user space. We actively use
them for testing inside of Google (continuous testing, fuzzing,
running prod services). To date the tools have found more than 10'000
scary bugs in Chromium, Google internal codebase and various
open-source projects (Firefox, OpenSSL, gcc, clang, ffmpeg, MySQL and
lots of others): [2] [3] [4].
The tools are part of both gcc and clang compilers.
We have not yet done massive testing under the Kernel AddressSanitizer
(it's kind of chicken and egg problem, you need it to be upstream to
start applying it extensively). To date it has found about 50 bugs.
Bugs that we've found in upstream kernel are listed in [5].
We've also found ~20 bugs in out internal version of the kernel. Also
people from Samsung and Oracle have found some.
[...]
As others noted, the main feature of AddressSanitizer is its
performance due to inline compiler instrumentation and simple linear
shadow memory. User-space Asan has ~2x slowdown on computational
programs and ~2x memory consumption increase. Taking into account that
kernel usually consumes only small fraction of CPU and memory when
running real user-space programs, I would expect that kernel Asan will
have ~10-30% slowdown and similar memory consumption increase (when we
finish all tuning).
I agree that Asan can well replace kmemcheck. We have plans to start
working on Kernel MemorySanitizer that finds uses of unitialized
memory. Asan+Msan will provide feature-parity with kmemcheck. As
others noted, Asan will unlikely replace debug slab and pagealloc that
can be enabled at runtime. Asan uses compiler instrumentation, so even
if it is disabled, it still incurs visible overheads.
Asan technology is easily portable to other architectures. Compiler
instrumentation is fully portable. Runtime has some arch-dependent
parts like shadow mapping and atomic operation interception. They are
relatively easy to port."
Comparison with other debugging features:
========================================
KMEMCHECK:
- KASan can do almost everything that kmemcheck can. KASan uses
compile-time instrumentation, which makes it significantly faster than
kmemcheck. The only advantage of kmemcheck over KASan is detection of
uninitialized memory reads.
Some brief performance testing showed that kasan could be
x500-x600 times faster than kmemcheck:
$ netperf -l 30
MIGRATED TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 0 AF_INET
Recv Send Send
Socket Socket Message Elapsed
Size Size Size Time Throughput
bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/sec
no debug: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 41624.72
kasan inline: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 12870.54
kasan outline: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 10586.39
kmemcheck: 87380 16384 16384 30.03 20.23
- Also kmemcheck couldn't work on several CPUs. It always sets
number of CPUs to 1. KASan doesn't have such limitation.
DEBUG_PAGEALLOC:
- KASan is slower than DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, but KASan works on sub-page
granularity level, so it able to find more bugs.
SLUB_DEBUG (poisoning, redzones):
- SLUB_DEBUG has lower overhead than KASan.
- SLUB_DEBUG in most cases are not able to detect bad reads,
KASan able to detect both reads and writes.
- In some cases (e.g. redzone overwritten) SLUB_DEBUG detect
bugs only on allocation/freeing of object. KASan catch
bugs right before it will happen, so we always know exact
place of first bad read/write.
[1] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizerForKernel
[2] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs
[3] https://code.google.com/p/thread-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs
[4] https://code.google.com/p/memory-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs
[5] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizerForKernel#Trophies
Based on work by Andrey Konovalov.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move dtbs install rules to Makefile.dtbinst. This change is needed to
implement support for dts vendor subdirs. The change makes Makefiles
easier and smaller as no longer the dtbs_install rule needs to be
defined. Another advantage is that install goals are not encoded in
targets anymore (%.dtb_dtbinst_).
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <rrichter@cavium.com>
The comment in scripts/Makefile.build says as follows:
We would rather have a list of rules like
foo.o: $(foo-objs)
but that's not so easy, so we rather make all composite objects depend
on the set of all their parts
This commit makes it possible!
For example, assume a Makefile like this
obj-m = foo.o bar.o
foo-objs := foo1.o foo2.o
bar-objs := bar1.o bar2.o
Without this patch, foo.o depends on all of
foo1.o foo2.o bar1.o bar2.o.
It looks funny that foo.o is regenerated when bar1.c is updated.
Now we can handle the dependency of foo.o and bar.o separately.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Pull kbuild changes from Michal Marek:
- cleanups in the main Makefiles and Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
- make O=... directory is automatically created if needed
- mrproper/distclean removes the old include/linux/version.h to make
life easier when bisecting across the commit that moved the version.h
file
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild:
kbuild: docbook: fix the include error when executing "make help"
kbuild: create a build directory automatically for out-of-tree build
kbuild: remove redundant '.*.cmd' pattern from make distclean
kbuild: move "quote" to Kbuild.include to be consistent
kbuild: docbook: use $(obj) and $(src) rather than specific path
kbuild: unconditionally clobber include/linux/version.h on distclean
kbuild: docbook: specify KERNELDOC dependency correctly
kbuild: docbook: include cmd files more simply
kbuild: specify build_docproc as a phony target
Unlike other build products in the Linux kernel, there is no 'make
*install' mechanism to put devicetree blobs in a standard place.
This commit adds a new 'dtbs_install' make target which copies all of
the dtbs into the INSTALL_DTBS_PATH directory. INSTALL_DTBS_PATH can be
set before calling make to change the default install directory. If not
set then it defaults to:
$INSTALL_PATH/dtbs/$KERNELRELEASE.
This is done to keep dtbs from different kernel versions separate until
things have settled down. Once the dtbs are stable, and not so strongly
linked to the kernel version, the devicetree files will most likely move
to their own repo. Users will need to upgrade install scripts at that
time.
v7: (reworked by Grant Likely)
- Moved rules from arch/arm/Makefile to arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile so
that each dtb install could have a separate target and be reported as
part of the make output.
- Fixed dependency problem to ensure $KERNELRELEASE is calculated before
attempting to install
- Removed option to call external script. Copying the files should be
sufficient and a build system can post-process the install directory.
Despite the fact an external script is used for installing the kernel,
I don't think that is a pattern that should be encouraged. I would
rather see buildroot type tools post process the install directory to
rename or move dtb files after installing to a staging directory.
- Plus it is easy to add a hook after the fact without blocking the
rest of this feature.
- Move the helper targets into scripts/Makefile.lib with the rest of the
common dtb rules
Signed-off-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
The testcase data is usable by any platform. This patch moves it into
the drivers/of directory so it can be included by any architecture.
Using the test cases requires manually adding #include <testcases.dtsi>
to the end of the boards .dtsi file and enabling CONFIG_OF_SELFTEST. Not
pretty though. A useful project would be to make the testcase code
easier to execute.
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek:
- fix for make headers_install argv explosion with too long path
- scripts/setlocalversion does not call git update-index needlessly
- fix for the src.rpm produced by make rpm-pkg. The new make
image_name can be useful also for other packaging tools.
- scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.o is not rebuilt during each make run
- make modules_install dependency fix
- scripts/sortextable portability fix
- fix for kbuild to generate the output directory for all object files
in subdirs.
- a couple of minor fixes
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild:
kbuild: create directory for dir/file.o
tools/include: use stdint types for user-space byteshift headers
Makefile: Fix install error with make -j option
Fix a build warning in scripts/mod/file2alias.c
improve modalias building
scripts/mod: Spelling s/DEVICEVTABLE/DEVICETABLE/
kbuild: fix error when building from src rpm
scripts/setlocalversion on write-protected source tree
Makefile.lib: align DTB quiet_cmd
kbuild: fix make headers_install when path is too long
Add support for extracting LZ4-compressed kernel images, as well as
LZ4-compressed ramdisk images in the kernel boot process.
Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When add a obj with dir to obj-y, like this
obj-y += dir/file.o
The $(obj)/dir not created, this patch fix this.
When try to add a file(which in a subdir) to my board's obj-y, the build
progress crashed.
For example, I use at91rm9200ek board, and in kernel dir run:
mkdir objtree
make O=objtree at91rm9200_defconfig
mkdir arch/arm/mach-at91/dir
touch arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.c
and edit arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.c to add some code.
then edit arch/arm/mach-at91/Makefile, change the following line:
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_AT91RM9200EK) += board-rm9200ek.o
to:
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_AT91RM9200EK) += board-rm9200ek.o dir/file.o
Now build it:
make O=objtree
Then the error appears:
...
CC arch/arm/mach-at91/board-rm9200dk.o
CC arch/arm/mach-at91/board-rm9200ek.o
CC arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.o
linux-2.6/arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.c:5:
fatal error: opening dependency file
arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/.file.o.d: No such file or directory
Check the objtree:
LANG=en ls objtree/arch/arm/mach-at91/dir
ls: cannot access objtree/arch/arm/mach-at91/dir: No such file or directory
It's apparently that the target dir not created for file.o
Check kbuild source code. It seems that kbuild create dirs for that in
$(obj-dirs). But if the dir need not to create a built-in.o, It should
never in $(obj-dirs).
So I make this patch to make sure It in $(obj-dirs)
this bug caused by commit
f5fb976520
Signed-off-by: 张忠山 <zzs0213@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Various temporary files used when building DTB files were not suffixed with
.tmp and therefore were not cleaned up by "make clean".
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
The unaligned dtb.S filename in make output started to irritate me:
DTC arch/metag/boot/dts/skeleton.dtb
DTB arch/metag/boot/dts/skeleton.dtb.S
AS arch/metag/boot/dts/skeleton.dtb.o
LD arch/metag/boot/dts/built-in.o
Add an extra space to quiet_cmd_dt_S_dtb so the dtb.S filename aligns
with all the others.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Dirk Brandewie <dirk.brandewie@gmail.com>
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Cc: trivial@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
In commit b40b25ff (kbuild: always run gcc -E on *.dts, remove cmd_dtc_cpp),
dts building was changed to always use the C preprocessor. This meant
that the .dts file passed to dtc is not the original, but the
preprocessed one.
When compiling with a separate build directory (i.e., with O=), this
preprocessed file will not live in the same directory as the original.
When the .dts file includes .dtsi files, dtc will look for them in the
build directory, not in the source directory and compilation will fail.
The commit referenced above tried to fix this by passing arch/*/boot/dts
as an include path to dtc. However, for mips, the .dts files are not in
this directory, so dts compilation on mips breaks for some targets.
Instead of hardcoding this particular include path, this commit just
uses the directory of the .dts file that is being compiled, which
effectively restores the previous behaviour wrt includes. For most .dts
files, this path is just the same as the previous hardcoded
arch/*/boot/dts path.
This was tested on a mips (rt3052) and an arm (bcm2835) target.
Signed-off-by: Matthijs Kooijman <matthijs@stdin.nl>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
fix a remove/insert race which Never Happens, and (my favorite) handle the
case when we have too many modules for a single commandline. Seriously,
the kernel is full, please go away!
Cheers,
Rusty.
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Merge tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull mudule updates from Rusty Russell:
"We get rid of the general module prefix confusion with a binary config
option, fix a remove/insert race which Never Happens, and (my
favorite) handle the case when we have too many modules for a single
commandline. Seriously, the kernel is full, please go away!"
* tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
modpost: fix unwanted VMLINUX_SYMBOL_STR expansion
X.509: Support parse long form of length octets in Authority Key Identifier
module: don't unlink the module until we've removed all exposure.
kernel: kallsyms: memory override issue, need check destination buffer length
MODSIGN: do not send garbage to stderr when enabling modules signature
modpost: handle huge numbers of modules.
modpost: add -T option to read module names from file/stdin.
modpost: minor cleanup.
genksyms: pass symbol-prefix instead of arch
module: fix symbol versioning with symbol prefixes
CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX: cleanup.
Replace cmd_dtc with cmd_dtc_cpp, and delete the latter.
Previously, a special file extension (.dtsp) was required to trigger
the C pre-processor to run on device tree files. This was ugly. Now that
previous changes have enhanced cmd_dtc_cpp to collect dependency
information from both gcc -E and dtc, we can transparently run the pre-
processor on all device tree files, irrespective of whether they
use /include/ or #include syntax to include *.dtsi.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Prior to this change, when compiling *.dts to *.dtb, the dependency
output from dtc would be used, and when compiling *.dtsp to *.dtb, the
dependency output from gcc -E alone would be used, despite dtc also
being invoked (on a temporary file that was guaranteed to have no
dependencies).
With this change, when compiling *.dtsp to *.dtb, the dependency files
from both gcc -E and dtc are used. This will allow cmd_dtc_cpp to
replace cmd_dtc in a future change. In turn, that will allow the C pre-
processor to be run transparently on *.dts, without the need to a
separate rule or file extension to trigger it.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
The recent dtc+cpp support allows header files and C pre-processor
defines/macros to be used when compiling device tree files. These
headers will typically define various constants that are part of the
device tree bindings.
The original patch which set up the dtc+cpp include path only considered
using those headers from device tree files. However, most are also
useful for kernel code which needs to interpret the device tree.
In both the DT files and the kernel, I'd like to include the DT-related
headers in the same way, for example, <dt-bindings/gpio/tegra-gpio.h>.
That will simplify any text which discusses the DT header locations.
Creating a <dt-bindings/> for kernel source to use is as simple as
placing files into include/dt-bindings/.
However, when compiling DT files, the include path should be restricted
so that only the dt-bindings path is available; arbitrary kernel headers
shouldn't be exposed. For this reason, create a specific include
directory for use by dtc+cpp, and symlink dt-bindings from there to the
actual location of include/dt-bindings/. For want of a better location,
place this "include chroot" into the existing dts/ directory.
arch/*/boot/dts/include/dt-bindings -> ../../../../../include/dt-bindings
Some headers used by device tree files may not be useful to the kernel;
they may be used simply to aid in constructing the DT file (e.g. macros
to create a node), but not define any information that the kernel needs
to share. These may be placed directly into arch/*/boot/dts/ along with
the DT files themselves.
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
We have CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX, which three archs define to the string
"_". But Al Viro broke this in "consolidate cond_syscall and
SYSCALL_ALIAS declarations" (in linux-next), and he's not the first to
do so.
Using CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX is awkward, since we usually just want to
prefix it so something. So various places define helpers which are
defined to nothing if CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX isn't set:
1) include/asm-generic/unistd.h defines __SYMBOL_PREFIX.
2) include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h defines VMLINUX_SYMBOL(sym)
3) include/linux/export.h defines MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX.
4) include/linux/kernel.h defines SYMBOL_PREFIX (which differs from #7)
5) kernel/modsign_certificate.S defines ASM_SYMBOL(sym)
6) scripts/modpost.c defines MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX
7) scripts/Makefile.lib defines SYMBOL_PREFIX on the commandline if
CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX is set, so that we have a non-string version
for pasting.
(arch/h8300/include/asm/linkage.h defines SYMBOL_NAME(), too).
Let's solve this properly:
1) No more generic prefix, just CONFIG_HAVE_UNDERSCORE_SYMBOL_PREFIX.
2) Make linux/export.h usable from asm.
3) Define VMLINUX_SYMBOL() and VMLINUX_SYMBOL_STR().
4) Make everyone use them.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Reviewed-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Tested-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> (metag)
Device tree source files may now include header files. The intent is
that those header files define/name constants used as part of the DT
bindings. Currently this feature is open to abuse, since any kernel
header file at all can be included, This could allow device tree files
to become dependant on kernel headers files, and thus make them no
longer OS-independent. This would also prevent separating the device
tree source files from the kernel repository.
Solve this by limiting the cpp include path for device tree files to
separate directories.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Create cmd_dtc_cpp to run the C pre-processor on *.dts file before
passing them to dtc for final compilation. This allows the use of #define
and #include within the .dts file.
Acked-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Jean-Christophe PLAGNIOL-VILLARD <plagnioj@jcrosoft.com>
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
All architectures that use cmd_dtc do so in almost the same way. Create
a central build rule to avoid duplication. The one difference is that
most current uses of dtc build $(obj)/%.dtb from $(src)/dts/%.dts rather
than building the .dtb in the same directory as the .dts file. This
difference will be eliminated arch-by-arch in future patches.
MIPS is the exception here; it already uses the exact same rule as the
new common rule, so the duplicate is removed in this patch to avoid any
conflict. arch/mips changes courtesy of Ralf Baechle.
Update Documentation/kbuild to remove the explicit call to cmd_dtc from
the example, now that the rule exists in a centralized location.
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: linux@lists.openrisc.net
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: linux-c6x-dev@linux-c6x.org
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: microblaze-uclinux@itee.uq.edu.au
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: linux-xtensa@linux-xtensa.org
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
All ARCHs have the same definition of MKIMAGE. Move it to Makefile.lib
to avoid duplication.
All ARCHs have similar definitions of cmd_uimage. Place a sufficiently
parameterized version in Makefile.lib to avoid duplication.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> [Blackfin]
Tested-by: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> [Microblaze]
Tested-by: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> [unicore32]
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
This hooks dtc into Kbuild's dependency system.
Thus, for example, "make dtbs" will rebuild tegra-harmony.dtb if only
tegra20.dtsi has changed yet tegra-harmony.dts has not. The previous
lack of this feature recently caused me to have very confusing "git
bisect" results.
For ARM, it's obvious what to add to $(targets). I'm not familiar enough
with other architectures to know what to add there. Powerpc appears to
already add various .dtb files into $(targets), but the other archs may
need something added to $(targets) to work.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
[mmarek: Dropped arch/c6x part to avoid merging commits from the middle
of the merge window]
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
KBUILD_MODNAME is not defined for files that are linked into multiple
modules, and trying to change reality to match documentation would
result in all sorts of trouble. E.g. options for built-in modules would
be called either foo_bar.param, foo.param, or bar.param, depending on
the configuration. So just change the comment.
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
commit 7373f4f (kbuild: add implicit rules for parser generation)
created a implicit rule chain (%.c: %.c_shipped: %.y).
Make considers the _shipped files to be intermediate files which
causes them to be deleted if they didn't exist before make was run.
Mark the _shipped files PRECIOUS to prevent make from deleting them.
Signed-off-by: Peter Foley <pefoley2@verizon.net>
Acked-by: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
This is needed to have make(1) correctly link the implicit rules which
generate the _shipped file from the lexer/parser to the final file.
Signed-off-by: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com>
In userspace, the .lzma format has become mostly a legacy file format that
got superseded by the .xz format. Similarly, LZMA Utils was superseded by
XZ Utils.
These patches add support for XZ decompression into the kernel. Most of
the code is as is from XZ Embedded <http://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>.
It was written for the Linux kernel but is usable in other projects too.
Advantages of XZ over the current LZMA code in the kernel:
- Nice API that can be used by other kernel modules; it's
not limited to kernel, initramfs, and initrd decompression.
- Integrity check support (CRC32)
- BCJ filters improve compression of executable code on
certain architectures. These together with LZMA2 can
produce a few percent smaller kernel or Squashfs images
than plain LZMA without making the decompression slower.
This patch: Add the main decompression code (xz_dec), testing module
(xz_dec_test), wrapper script (xz_wrap.sh) for the xz command line tool,
and documentation. The xz_dec module is enough to have a usable XZ
decompressor e.g. for Squashfs.
Signed-off-by: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds support for linking device tree blob(s) into
vmlinux. Modifies asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h to add linking
.dtb sections into vmlinux. To maintain compatiblity with the of/fdt
driver code platforms MUST copy the blob to a non-init memory location
before the kernel frees the .init.* sections in the image.
Modifies scripts/Makefile.lib to add a kbuild command to
compile DTS files to device tree blobs and a rule to create objects to
wrap the blobs for linking.
STRUCT_ALIGNMENT is defined in vmlinux.lds.h for use in the rule to
create wrapper objects for the dtb in Makefile.lib. The
STRUCT_ALIGN() macro in vmlinux.lds.h is modified to use the
STRUCT_ALIGNMENT definition.
The DTB's are placed on 32 byte boundries to allow parsing the blob
with driver/of/fdt.c during early boot without having to copy the blob
to get the structure alignment GCC expects.
A DTB is linked in by adding the DTB object to the list of objects to
be linked into vmlinux in the archtecture specific Makefile using
obj-y += foo.dtb.o
Signed-off-by: Dirk Brandewie <dirk.brandewie@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
[grant.likely@secretlab.ca: cleaned up whitespace inconsistencies]
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6:
initramfs: Fix build break on symbol-prefixed archs
initramfs: fix initramfs size calculation
initramfs: generalize initramfs_data.xxx.S variants
scripts/kallsyms: Enable error messages while hush up unnecessary warnings
scripts/setlocalversion: update comment
kbuild: Use a single clean rule for kernel and external modules
kbuild: Do not run make clean in $(srctree)
scripts/mod/modpost.c: fix commentary accordingly to last changes
kbuild: Really don't clean bounds.h and asm-offsets.h
Convert the 'dynamic debug' infrastructure to use jump labels.
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <b77627358cea3e27d7be4386f45f66219afb8452.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
* 'for-35' of git://repo.or.cz/linux-kbuild: (81 commits)
kbuild: Revert part of e8d400a to resolve a conflict
kbuild: Fix checking of scm-identifier variable
gconfig: add support to show hidden options that have prompts
menuconfig: add support to show hidden options which have prompts
gconfig: remove show_debug option
gconfig: remove dbg_print_ptype() and dbg_print_stype()
kconfig: fix zconfdump()
kconfig: some small fixes
add random binaries to .gitignore
kbuild: Include gen_initramfs_list.sh and the file list in the .d file
kconfig: recalc symbol value before showing search results
.gitignore: ignore *.lzo files
headerdep: perlcritic warning
scripts/Makefile.lib: Align the output of LZO
kbuild: Generate modules.builtin in make modules_install
Revert "kbuild: specify absolute paths for cscope"
kbuild: Do not unnecessarily regenerate modules.builtin
headers_install: use local file handles
headers_check: fix perl warnings
export_report: fix perl warnings
...
Add support for the hardware version of the Hamming weight function,
popcnt, present in CPUs which advertize it under CPUID, Function
0x0000_0001_ECX[23]. On CPUs which don't support it, we fallback to the
default lib/hweight.c sw versions.
A synthetic benchmark comparing popcnt with __sw_hweight64 showed almost
a 3x speedup on a F10h machine.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100318112015.GC11152@aftab>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
The output of LZO is not aligned with the other output:
...
CC drivers/usb/mon/usbmon.mod.o
LZO arch/mips/boot/compressed/vmlinux.lzo
...
This patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
In an x86 build with CONFIG_KERNEL_LZMA enabled and dash as sh,
arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.lzma ends with
'\xf0\x7d\x39\x00' (16 bytes) instead of the 4 bytes intended and
the resulting vmlinuz fails to boot. This improves on the
previous behavior, in which the file contained the characters
'-ne ' as well, but not by much.
Previous commits replaced "echo -ne" first with "/bin/echo -ne",
then "printf" in the hope of improving portability, but none of
these commands is guaranteed to support hexadecimal escapes on
POSIX systems. So use the shell to convert from hexadecimal to
octal.
With this change, an LZMA-compressed kernel built with dash as sh
boots correctly again.
Reported-by: Sebastian Dalfuß <sd@sedf.de>
Reported-by: Oliver Hartkopp <oliver@hartkopp.net>
Reported-by: Michael Guntsche <mike@it-loops.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Cc: Alek Du <alek.du@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
