android_kernel_oneplus_msm8998/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
Richard Fellner 8a43ddfb93 KAISER: Kernel Address Isolation
This patch introduces our implementation of KAISER (Kernel Address Isolation to
have Side-channels Efficiently Removed), a kernel isolation technique to close
hardware side channels on kernel address information.

More information about the patch can be found on:

        https://github.com/IAIK/KAISER

From: Richard Fellner <richard.fellner@student.tugraz.at>
From: Daniel Gruss <daniel.gruss@iaik.tugraz.at>
X-Subject: [RFC, PATCH] x86_64: KAISER - do not map kernel in user mode
Date: Thu, 4 May 2017 14:26:50 +0200
Link: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=149390087310405&w=2
Kaiser-4.10-SHA1: c4b1831d44c6144d3762ccc72f0c4e71a0c713e5

To: <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
To: <kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com>
Cc: <clementine.maurice@iaik.tugraz.at>
Cc: <moritz.lipp@iaik.tugraz.at>
Cc: Michael Schwarz <michael.schwarz@iaik.tugraz.at>
Cc: Richard Fellner <richard.fellner@student.tugraz.at>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <anders.fogh@gdata-adan.de>

After several recent works [1,2,3] KASLR on x86_64 was basically
considered dead by many researchers. We have been working on an
efficient but effective fix for this problem and found that not mapping
the kernel space when running in user mode is the solution to this
problem [4] (the corresponding paper [5] will be presented at ESSoS17).

With this RFC patch we allow anybody to configure their kernel with the
flag CONFIG_KAISER to add our defense mechanism.

If there are any questions we would love to answer them.
We also appreciate any comments!

Cheers,
Daniel (+ the KAISER team from Graz University of Technology)

[1] http://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SP2013/papers/4977a191.pdf
[2] https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Fogh-Using-Undocumented-CPU-Behaviour-To-See-Into-Kernel-Mode-And-Break-KASLR-In-The-Process.pdf
[3] https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Jang-Breaking-Kernel-Address-Space-Layout-Randomization-KASLR-With-Intel-TSX.pdf
[4] https://github.com/IAIK/KAISER
[5] https://gruss.cc/files/kaiser.pdf

[patch based also on
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IAIK/KAISER/master/KAISER/0001-KAISER-Kernel-Address-Isolation.patch]

Signed-off-by: Richard Fellner <richard.fellner@student.tugraz.at>
Signed-off-by: Moritz Lipp <moritz.lipp@iaik.tugraz.at>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Gruss <daniel.gruss@iaik.tugraz.at>
Signed-off-by: Michael Schwarz <michael.schwarz@iaik.tugraz.at>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-01-05 15:44:23 +01:00

566 lines
13 KiB
C

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/prctl.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/user-return-notifier.h>
#include <linux/dmi.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/cpuidle.h>
#include <trace/events/power.h>
#include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
#include <asm/cpu.h>
#include <asm/apic.h>
#include <asm/syscalls.h>
#include <asm/idle.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/mwait.h>
#include <asm/fpu/internal.h>
#include <asm/debugreg.h>
#include <asm/nmi.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/mce.h>
#include <asm/vm86.h>
/*
* per-CPU TSS segments. Threads are completely 'soft' on Linux,
* no more per-task TSS's. The TSS size is kept cacheline-aligned
* so they are allowed to end up in the .data..cacheline_aligned
* section. Since TSS's are completely CPU-local, we want them
* on exact cacheline boundaries, to eliminate cacheline ping-pong.
*/
__visible DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED_USER_MAPPED(struct tss_struct, cpu_tss) = {
.x86_tss = {
.sp0 = TOP_OF_INIT_STACK,
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
.ss0 = __KERNEL_DS,
.ss1 = __KERNEL_CS,
.io_bitmap_base = INVALID_IO_BITMAP_OFFSET,
#endif
},
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
/*
* Note that the .io_bitmap member must be extra-big. This is because
* the CPU will access an additional byte beyond the end of the IO
* permission bitmap. The extra byte must be all 1 bits, and must
* be within the limit.
*/
.io_bitmap = { [0 ... IO_BITMAP_LONGS] = ~0 },
#endif
};
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(cpu_tss);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned char, is_idle);
static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(idle_notifier);
void idle_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
{
atomic_notifier_chain_register(&idle_notifier, n);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(idle_notifier_register);
void idle_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
{
atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&idle_notifier, n);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(idle_notifier_unregister);
#endif
/*
* this gets called so that we can store lazy state into memory and copy the
* current task into the new thread.
*/
int arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst, struct task_struct *src)
{
memcpy(dst, src, arch_task_struct_size);
#ifdef CONFIG_VM86
dst->thread.vm86 = NULL;
#endif
return fpu__copy(&dst->thread.fpu, &src->thread.fpu);
}
/*
* Free current thread data structures etc..
*/
void exit_thread(void)
{
struct task_struct *me = current;
struct thread_struct *t = &me->thread;
unsigned long *bp = t->io_bitmap_ptr;
struct fpu *fpu = &t->fpu;
if (bp) {
struct tss_struct *tss = &per_cpu(cpu_tss, get_cpu());
t->io_bitmap_ptr = NULL;
clear_thread_flag(TIF_IO_BITMAP);
/*
* Careful, clear this in the TSS too:
*/
memset(tss->io_bitmap, 0xff, t->io_bitmap_max);
t->io_bitmap_max = 0;
put_cpu();
kfree(bp);
}
free_vm86(t);
fpu__drop(fpu);
}
void flush_thread(void)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
flush_ptrace_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
memset(tsk->thread.tls_array, 0, sizeof(tsk->thread.tls_array));
fpu__clear(&tsk->thread.fpu);
}
static void hard_disable_TSC(void)
{
cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_TSD);
}
void disable_TSC(void)
{
preempt_disable();
if (!test_and_set_thread_flag(TIF_NOTSC))
/*
* Must flip the CPU state synchronously with
* TIF_NOTSC in the current running context.
*/
hard_disable_TSC();
preempt_enable();
}
static void hard_enable_TSC(void)
{
cr4_clear_bits(X86_CR4_TSD);
}
static void enable_TSC(void)
{
preempt_disable();
if (test_and_clear_thread_flag(TIF_NOTSC))
/*
* Must flip the CPU state synchronously with
* TIF_NOTSC in the current running context.
*/
hard_enable_TSC();
preempt_enable();
}
int get_tsc_mode(unsigned long adr)
{
unsigned int val;
if (test_thread_flag(TIF_NOTSC))
val = PR_TSC_SIGSEGV;
else
val = PR_TSC_ENABLE;
return put_user(val, (unsigned int __user *)adr);
}
int set_tsc_mode(unsigned int val)
{
if (val == PR_TSC_SIGSEGV)
disable_TSC();
else if (val == PR_TSC_ENABLE)
enable_TSC();
else
return -EINVAL;
return 0;
}
void __switch_to_xtra(struct task_struct *prev_p, struct task_struct *next_p,
struct tss_struct *tss)
{
struct thread_struct *prev, *next;
prev = &prev_p->thread;
next = &next_p->thread;
if (test_tsk_thread_flag(prev_p, TIF_BLOCKSTEP) ^
test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_BLOCKSTEP)) {
unsigned long debugctl = get_debugctlmsr();
debugctl &= ~DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF;
if (test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_BLOCKSTEP))
debugctl |= DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF;
update_debugctlmsr(debugctl);
}
if (test_tsk_thread_flag(prev_p, TIF_NOTSC) ^
test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_NOTSC)) {
/* prev and next are different */
if (test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_NOTSC))
hard_disable_TSC();
else
hard_enable_TSC();
}
if (test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_IO_BITMAP)) {
/*
* Copy the relevant range of the IO bitmap.
* Normally this is 128 bytes or less:
*/
memcpy(tss->io_bitmap, next->io_bitmap_ptr,
max(prev->io_bitmap_max, next->io_bitmap_max));
} else if (test_tsk_thread_flag(prev_p, TIF_IO_BITMAP)) {
/*
* Clear any possible leftover bits:
*/
memset(tss->io_bitmap, 0xff, prev->io_bitmap_max);
}
propagate_user_return_notify(prev_p, next_p);
}
/*
* Idle related variables and functions
*/
unsigned long boot_option_idle_override = IDLE_NO_OVERRIDE;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_option_idle_override);
static void (*x86_idle)(void);
#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
static inline void play_dead(void)
{
BUG();
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
void enter_idle(void)
{
this_cpu_write(is_idle, 1);
atomic_notifier_call_chain(&idle_notifier, IDLE_START, NULL);
}
static void __exit_idle(void)
{
if (x86_test_and_clear_bit_percpu(0, is_idle) == 0)
return;
atomic_notifier_call_chain(&idle_notifier, IDLE_END, NULL);
}
/* Called from interrupts to signify idle end */
void exit_idle(void)
{
/* idle loop has pid 0 */
if (current->pid)
return;
__exit_idle();
}
#endif
void arch_cpu_idle_enter(void)
{
local_touch_nmi();
enter_idle();
}
void arch_cpu_idle_exit(void)
{
__exit_idle();
}
void arch_cpu_idle_dead(void)
{
play_dead();
}
/*
* Called from the generic idle code.
*/
void arch_cpu_idle(void)
{
x86_idle();
}
/*
* We use this if we don't have any better idle routine..
*/
void default_idle(void)
{
trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(1, smp_processor_id());
safe_halt();
trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(PWR_EVENT_EXIT, smp_processor_id());
}
#ifdef CONFIG_APM_MODULE
EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_idle);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_XEN
bool xen_set_default_idle(void)
{
bool ret = !!x86_idle;
x86_idle = default_idle;
return ret;
}
#endif
void stop_this_cpu(void *dummy)
{
local_irq_disable();
/*
* Remove this CPU:
*/
set_cpu_online(smp_processor_id(), false);
disable_local_APIC();
mcheck_cpu_clear(this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_info));
for (;;)
halt();
}
bool amd_e400_c1e_detected;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(amd_e400_c1e_detected);
static cpumask_var_t amd_e400_c1e_mask;
void amd_e400_remove_cpu(int cpu)
{
if (amd_e400_c1e_mask != NULL)
cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, amd_e400_c1e_mask);
}
/*
* AMD Erratum 400 aware idle routine. We check for C1E active in the interrupt
* pending message MSR. If we detect C1E, then we handle it the same
* way as C3 power states (local apic timer and TSC stop)
*/
static void amd_e400_idle(void)
{
if (!amd_e400_c1e_detected) {
u32 lo, hi;
rdmsr(MSR_K8_INT_PENDING_MSG, lo, hi);
if (lo & K8_INTP_C1E_ACTIVE_MASK) {
amd_e400_c1e_detected = true;
if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC))
mark_tsc_unstable("TSC halt in AMD C1E");
pr_info("System has AMD C1E enabled\n");
}
}
if (amd_e400_c1e_detected) {
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, amd_e400_c1e_mask)) {
cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, amd_e400_c1e_mask);
/* Force broadcast so ACPI can not interfere. */
tick_broadcast_force();
pr_info("Switch to broadcast mode on CPU%d\n", cpu);
}
tick_broadcast_enter();
default_idle();
/*
* The switch back from broadcast mode needs to be
* called with interrupts disabled.
*/
local_irq_disable();
tick_broadcast_exit();
local_irq_enable();
} else
default_idle();
}
/*
* Intel Core2 and older machines prefer MWAIT over HALT for C1.
* We can't rely on cpuidle installing MWAIT, because it will not load
* on systems that support only C1 -- so the boot default must be MWAIT.
*
* Some AMD machines are the opposite, they depend on using HALT.
*
* So for default C1, which is used during boot until cpuidle loads,
* use MWAIT-C1 on Intel HW that has it, else use HALT.
*/
static int prefer_mwait_c1_over_halt(const struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
{
if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
return 0;
if (!cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_MWAIT))
return 0;
return 1;
}
/*
* MONITOR/MWAIT with no hints, used for default C1 state. This invokes MWAIT
* with interrupts enabled and no flags, which is backwards compatible with the
* original MWAIT implementation.
*/
static void mwait_idle(void)
{
if (!current_set_polling_and_test()) {
trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(1, smp_processor_id());
if (this_cpu_has(X86_BUG_CLFLUSH_MONITOR)) {
smp_mb(); /* quirk */
clflush((void *)&current_thread_info()->flags);
smp_mb(); /* quirk */
}
__monitor((void *)&current_thread_info()->flags, 0, 0);
if (!need_resched())
__sti_mwait(0, 0);
else
local_irq_enable();
trace_cpu_idle_rcuidle(PWR_EVENT_EXIT, smp_processor_id());
} else {
local_irq_enable();
}
__current_clr_polling();
}
void select_idle_routine(const struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (boot_option_idle_override == IDLE_POLL && smp_num_siblings > 1)
pr_warn_once("WARNING: polling idle and HT enabled, performance may degrade\n");
#endif
if (x86_idle || boot_option_idle_override == IDLE_POLL)
return;
if (cpu_has_bug(c, X86_BUG_AMD_APIC_C1E)) {
/* E400: APIC timer interrupt does not wake up CPU from C1e */
pr_info("using AMD E400 aware idle routine\n");
x86_idle = amd_e400_idle;
} else if (prefer_mwait_c1_over_halt(c)) {
pr_info("using mwait in idle threads\n");
x86_idle = mwait_idle;
} else
x86_idle = default_idle;
}
void __init init_amd_e400_c1e_mask(void)
{
/* If we're using amd_e400_idle, we need to allocate amd_e400_c1e_mask. */
if (x86_idle == amd_e400_idle)
zalloc_cpumask_var(&amd_e400_c1e_mask, GFP_KERNEL);
}
static int __init idle_setup(char *str)
{
if (!str)
return -EINVAL;
if (!strcmp(str, "poll")) {
pr_info("using polling idle threads\n");
boot_option_idle_override = IDLE_POLL;
cpu_idle_poll_ctrl(true);
} else if (!strcmp(str, "halt")) {
/*
* When the boot option of idle=halt is added, halt is
* forced to be used for CPU idle. In such case CPU C2/C3
* won't be used again.
* To continue to load the CPU idle driver, don't touch
* the boot_option_idle_override.
*/
x86_idle = default_idle;
boot_option_idle_override = IDLE_HALT;
} else if (!strcmp(str, "nomwait")) {
/*
* If the boot option of "idle=nomwait" is added,
* it means that mwait will be disabled for CPU C2/C3
* states. In such case it won't touch the variable
* of boot_option_idle_override.
*/
boot_option_idle_override = IDLE_NOMWAIT;
} else
return -1;
return 0;
}
early_param("idle", idle_setup);
unsigned long arch_align_stack(unsigned long sp)
{
if (!(current->personality & ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE) && randomize_va_space)
sp -= get_random_int() % 8192;
return sp & ~0xf;
}
unsigned long arch_randomize_brk(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
unsigned long range_end = mm->brk + 0x02000000;
return randomize_range(mm->brk, range_end, 0) ? : mm->brk;
}
/*
* Called from fs/proc with a reference on @p to find the function
* which called into schedule(). This needs to be done carefully
* because the task might wake up and we might look at a stack
* changing under us.
*/
unsigned long get_wchan(struct task_struct *p)
{
unsigned long start, bottom, top, sp, fp, ip;
int count = 0;
if (!p || p == current || p->state == TASK_RUNNING)
return 0;
start = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(p);
if (!start)
return 0;
/*
* Layout of the stack page:
*
* ----------- topmax = start + THREAD_SIZE - sizeof(unsigned long)
* PADDING
* ----------- top = topmax - TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING
* stack
* ----------- bottom = start + sizeof(thread_info)
* thread_info
* ----------- start
*
* The tasks stack pointer points at the location where the
* framepointer is stored. The data on the stack is:
* ... IP FP ... IP FP
*
* We need to read FP and IP, so we need to adjust the upper
* bound by another unsigned long.
*/
top = start + THREAD_SIZE - TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING;
top -= 2 * sizeof(unsigned long);
bottom = start + sizeof(struct thread_info);
sp = READ_ONCE(p->thread.sp);
if (sp < bottom || sp > top)
return 0;
fp = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*(unsigned long *)sp);
do {
if (fp < bottom || fp > top)
return 0;
ip = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*(unsigned long *)(fp + sizeof(unsigned long)));
if (!in_sched_functions(ip))
return ip;
fp = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*(unsigned long *)fp);
} while (count++ < 16 && p->state != TASK_RUNNING);
return 0;
}