android_kernel_oneplus_msm8998/include/linux/mmzone.h
Mel Gorman ee72886d8e mm: vmscan: do not writeback filesystem pages in direct reclaim
Testing from the XFS folk revealed that there is still too much I/O from
the end of the LRU in kswapd.  Previously it was considered acceptable by
VM people for a small number of pages to be written back from reclaim with
testing generally showing about 0.3% of pages reclaimed were written back
(higher if memory was low).  That writing back a small number of pages is
ok has been heavily disputed for quite some time and Dave Chinner
explained it well;

	It doesn't have to be a very high number to be a problem. IO
	is orders of magnitude slower than the CPU time it takes to
	flush a page, so the cost of making a bad flush decision is
	very high. And single page writeback from the LRU is almost
	always a bad flush decision.

To complicate matters, filesystems respond very differently to requests
from reclaim according to Christoph Hellwig;

	xfs tries to write it back if the requester is kswapd
	ext4 ignores the request if it's a delayed allocation
	btrfs ignores the request

As a result, each filesystem has different performance characteristics
when under memory pressure and there are many pages being dirtied.  In
some cases, the request is ignored entirely so the VM cannot depend on the
IO being dispatched.

The objective of this series is to reduce writing of filesystem-backed
pages from reclaim, play nicely with writeback that is already in progress
and throttle reclaim appropriately when writeback pages are encountered.
The assumption is that the flushers will always write pages faster than if
reclaim issues the IO.

A secondary goal is to avoid the problem whereby direct reclaim splices
two potentially deep call stacks together.

There is a potential new problem as reclaim has less control over how long
before a page in a particularly zone or container is cleaned and direct
reclaimers depend on kswapd or flusher threads to do the necessary work.
However, as filesystems sometimes ignore direct reclaim requests already,
it is not expected to be a serious issue.

Patch 1 disables writeback of filesystem pages from direct reclaim
	entirely. Anonymous pages are still written.

Patch 2 removes dead code in lumpy reclaim as it is no longer able
	to synchronously write pages. This hurts lumpy reclaim but
	there is an expectation that compaction is used for hugepage
	allocations these days and lumpy reclaim's days are numbered.

Patches 3-4 add warnings to XFS and ext4 if called from
	direct reclaim. With patch 1, this "never happens" and is
	intended to catch regressions in this logic in the future.

Patch 5 disables writeback of filesystem pages from kswapd unless
	the priority is raised to the point where kswapd is considered
	to be in trouble.

Patch 6 throttles reclaimers if too many dirty pages are being
	encountered and the zones or backing devices are congested.

Patch 7 invalidates dirty pages found at the end of the LRU so they
	are reclaimed quickly after being written back rather than
	waiting for a reclaimer to find them

I consider this series to be orthogonal to the writeback work but it is
worth noting that the writeback work affects the viability of patch 8 in
particular.

I tested this on ext4 and xfs using fs_mark, a simple writeback test based
on dd and a micro benchmark that does a streaming write to a large mapping
(exercises use-once LRU logic) followed by streaming writes to a mix of
anonymous and file-backed mappings.  The command line for fs_mark when
botted with 512M looked something like

./fs_mark -d  /tmp/fsmark-2676  -D  100  -N  150  -n  150  -L  25  -t  1  -S0  -s  10485760

The number of files was adjusted depending on the amount of available
memory so that the files created was about 3xRAM.  For multiple threads,
the -d switch is specified multiple times.

The test machine is x86-64 with an older generation of AMD processor with
4 cores.  The underlying storage was 4 disks configured as RAID-0 as this
was the best configuration of storage I had available.  Swap is on a
separate disk.  Dirty ratio was tuned to 40% instead of the default of
20%.

Testing was run with and without monitors to both verify that the patches
were operating as expected and that any performance gain was real and not
due to interference from monitors.

Here is a summary of results based on testing XFS.

512M1P-xfs           Files/s  mean                 32.69 ( 0.00%)     34.44 ( 5.08%)
512M1P-xfs           Elapsed Time fsmark                    51.41     48.29
512M1P-xfs           Elapsed Time simple-wb                114.09    108.61
512M1P-xfs           Elapsed Time mmap-strm                113.46    109.34
512M1P-xfs           Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 62%       63%
512M1P-xfs           Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              56%       61%
512M1P-xfs           Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              44%       42%
512M-xfs             Files/s  mean                 30.78 ( 0.00%)     35.94 (14.36%)
512M-xfs             Elapsed Time fsmark                    56.08     48.90
512M-xfs             Elapsed Time simple-wb                112.22     98.13
512M-xfs             Elapsed Time mmap-strm                219.15    196.67
512M-xfs             Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 54%       56%
512M-xfs             Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              54%       55%
512M-xfs             Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              45%       44%
512M-4X-xfs          Files/s  mean                 30.31 ( 0.00%)     33.33 ( 9.06%)
512M-4X-xfs          Elapsed Time fsmark                    63.26     55.88
512M-4X-xfs          Elapsed Time simple-wb                100.90     90.25
512M-4X-xfs          Elapsed Time mmap-strm                261.73    255.38
512M-4X-xfs          Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 49%       50%
512M-4X-xfs          Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              54%       56%
512M-4X-xfs          Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              37%       36%
512M-16X-xfs         Files/s  mean                 60.89 ( 0.00%)     65.22 ( 6.64%)
512M-16X-xfs         Elapsed Time fsmark                    67.47     58.25
512M-16X-xfs         Elapsed Time simple-wb                103.22     90.89
512M-16X-xfs         Elapsed Time mmap-strm                237.09    198.82
512M-16X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 45%       46%
512M-16X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              53%       55%
512M-16X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              33%       33%

Up until 512-4X, the FSmark improvements were statistically significant.
For the 4X and 16X tests the results were within standard deviations but
just barely.  The time to completion for all tests is improved which is an
important result.  In general, kswapd efficiency is not affected by
skipping dirty pages.

1024M1P-xfs          Files/s  mean                 39.09 ( 0.00%)     41.15 ( 5.01%)
1024M1P-xfs          Elapsed Time fsmark                    84.14     80.41
1024M1P-xfs          Elapsed Time simple-wb                210.77    184.78
1024M1P-xfs          Elapsed Time mmap-strm                162.00    160.34
1024M1P-xfs          Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 69%       75%
1024M1P-xfs          Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              71%       77%
1024M1P-xfs          Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              43%       44%
1024M-xfs            Files/s  mean                 35.45 ( 0.00%)     37.00 ( 4.19%)
1024M-xfs            Elapsed Time fsmark                    94.59     91.00
1024M-xfs            Elapsed Time simple-wb                229.84    195.08
1024M-xfs            Elapsed Time mmap-strm                405.38    440.29
1024M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 79%       71%
1024M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              74%       74%
1024M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              39%       42%
1024M-4X-xfs         Files/s  mean                 32.63 ( 0.00%)     35.05 ( 6.90%)
1024M-4X-xfs         Elapsed Time fsmark                   103.33     97.74
1024M-4X-xfs         Elapsed Time simple-wb                204.48    178.57
1024M-4X-xfs         Elapsed Time mmap-strm                528.38    511.88
1024M-4X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 81%       70%
1024M-4X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              73%       72%
1024M-4X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              39%       38%
1024M-16X-xfs        Files/s  mean                 42.65 ( 0.00%)     42.97 ( 0.74%)
1024M-16X-xfs        Elapsed Time fsmark                   103.11     99.11
1024M-16X-xfs        Elapsed Time simple-wb                200.83    178.24
1024M-16X-xfs        Elapsed Time mmap-strm                397.35    459.82
1024M-16X-xfs        Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 84%       69%
1024M-16X-xfs        Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              74%       73%
1024M-16X-xfs        Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              39%       40%

All FSMark tests up to 16X had statistically significant improvements.
For the most part, tests are completing faster with the exception of the
streaming writes to a mixture of anonymous and file-backed mappings which
were slower in two cases

In the cases where the mmap-strm tests were slower, there was more
swapping due to dirty pages being skipped.  The number of additional pages
swapped is almost identical to the fewer number of pages written from
reclaim.  In other words, roughly the same number of pages were reclaimed
but swapping was slower.  As the test is a bit unrealistic and stresses
memory heavily, the small shift is acceptable.

4608M1P-xfs          Files/s  mean                 29.75 ( 0.00%)     30.96 ( 3.91%)
4608M1P-xfs          Elapsed Time fsmark                   512.01    492.15
4608M1P-xfs          Elapsed Time simple-wb                618.18    566.24
4608M1P-xfs          Elapsed Time mmap-strm                488.05    465.07
4608M1P-xfs          Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 93%       86%
4608M1P-xfs          Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              88%       84%
4608M1P-xfs          Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              46%       45%
4608M-xfs            Files/s  mean                 27.60 ( 0.00%)     28.85 ( 4.33%)
4608M-xfs            Elapsed Time fsmark                   555.96    532.34
4608M-xfs            Elapsed Time simple-wb                659.72    571.85
4608M-xfs            Elapsed Time mmap-strm               1082.57   1146.38
4608M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 89%       91%
4608M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              88%       82%
4608M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              48%       46%
4608M-4X-xfs         Files/s  mean                 26.00 ( 0.00%)     27.47 ( 5.35%)
4608M-4X-xfs         Elapsed Time fsmark                   592.91    564.00
4608M-4X-xfs         Elapsed Time simple-wb                616.65    575.07
4608M-4X-xfs         Elapsed Time mmap-strm               1773.02   1631.53
4608M-4X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 90%       94%
4608M-4X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              87%       82%
4608M-4X-xfs         Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              43%       43%
4608M-16X-xfs        Files/s  mean                 26.07 ( 0.00%)     26.42 ( 1.32%)
4608M-16X-xfs        Elapsed Time fsmark                   602.69    585.78
4608M-16X-xfs        Elapsed Time simple-wb                606.60    573.81
4608M-16X-xfs        Elapsed Time mmap-strm               1549.75   1441.86
4608M-16X-xfs        Kswapd efficiency fsmark                 98%       98%
4608M-16X-xfs        Kswapd efficiency simple-wb              88%       82%
4608M-16X-xfs        Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm              44%       42%

Unlike the other tests, the fsmark results are not statistically
significant but the min and max times are both improved and for the most
part, tests completed faster.

There are other indications that this is an improvement as well.  For
example, in the vast majority of cases, there were fewer pages scanned by
direct reclaim implying in many cases that stalls due to direct reclaim
are reduced.  KSwapd is scanning more due to skipping dirty pages which is
unfortunate but the CPU usage is still acceptable

In an earlier set of tests, I used blktrace and in almost all cases
throughput throughout the entire test was higher.  However, I ended up
discarding those results as recording blktrace data was too heavy for my
liking.

On a laptop, I plugged in a USB stick and ran a similar tests of tests
using it as backing storage.  A desktop environment was running and for
the entire duration of the tests, firefox and gnome terminal were
launching and exiting to vaguely simulate a user.

1024M-xfs            Files/s  mean               0.41 ( 0.00%)        0.44 ( 6.82%)
1024M-xfs            Elapsed Time fsmark               2053.52   1641.03
1024M-xfs            Elapsed Time simple-wb            1229.53    768.05
1024M-xfs            Elapsed Time mmap-strm            4126.44   4597.03
1024M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency fsmark              84%       85%
1024M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency simple-wb           92%       81%
1024M-xfs            Kswapd efficiency mmap-strm           60%       51%
1024M-xfs            Avg wait ms fsmark                5404.53     4473.87
1024M-xfs            Avg wait ms simple-wb             2541.35     1453.54
1024M-xfs            Avg wait ms mmap-strm             3400.25     3852.53

The mmap-strm results were hurt because firefox launching had a tendency
to push the test out of memory.  On the postive side, firefox launched
marginally faster with the patches applied.  Time to completion for many
tests was faster but more importantly - the "Avg wait" time as measured by
iostat was far lower implying the system would be more responsive.  It was
also the case that "Avg wait ms" on the root filesystem was lower.  I
tested it manually and while the system felt slightly more responsive
while copying data to a USB stick, it was marginal enough that it could be
my imagination.

This patch: do not writeback filesystem pages in direct reclaim.

When kswapd is failing to keep zones above the min watermark, a process
will enter direct reclaim in the same manner kswapd does.  If a dirty page
is encountered during the scan, this page is written to backing storage
using mapping->writepage.

This causes two problems.  First, it can result in very deep call stacks,
particularly if the target storage or filesystem are complex.  Some
filesystems ignore write requests from direct reclaim as a result.  The
second is that a single-page flush is inefficient in terms of IO.  While
there is an expectation that the elevator will merge requests, this does
not always happen.  Quoting Christoph Hellwig;

	The elevator has a relatively small window it can operate on,
	and can never fix up a bad large scale writeback pattern.

This patch prevents direct reclaim writing back filesystem pages by
checking if current is kswapd.  Anonymous pages are still written to swap
as there is not the equivalent of a flusher thread for anonymous pages.
If the dirty pages cannot be written back, they are placed back on the LRU
lists.  There is now a direct dependency on dirty page balancing to
prevent too many pages in the system being dirtied which would prevent
reclaim making forward progress.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Alex Elder <aelder@sgi.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-10-31 17:30:46 -07:00

1171 lines
36 KiB
C

#ifndef _LINUX_MMZONE_H
#define _LINUX_MMZONE_H
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
#ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <linux/numa.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/seqlock.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/pageblock-flags.h>
#include <generated/bounds.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
/* Free memory management - zoned buddy allocator. */
#ifndef CONFIG_FORCE_MAX_ZONEORDER
#define MAX_ORDER 11
#else
#define MAX_ORDER CONFIG_FORCE_MAX_ZONEORDER
#endif
#define MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES (1 << (MAX_ORDER - 1))
/*
* PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER is the order at which allocations are deemed
* costly to service. That is between allocation orders which should
* coelesce naturally under reasonable reclaim pressure and those which
* will not.
*/
#define PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER 3
#define MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE 0
#define MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE 1
#define MIGRATE_MOVABLE 2
#define MIGRATE_PCPTYPES 3 /* the number of types on the pcp lists */
#define MIGRATE_RESERVE 3
#define MIGRATE_ISOLATE 4 /* can't allocate from here */
#define MIGRATE_TYPES 5
#define for_each_migratetype_order(order, type) \
for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) \
for (type = 0; type < MIGRATE_TYPES; type++)
extern int page_group_by_mobility_disabled;
static inline int get_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page)
{
return get_pageblock_flags_group(page, PB_migrate, PB_migrate_end);
}
struct free_area {
struct list_head free_list[MIGRATE_TYPES];
unsigned long nr_free;
};
struct pglist_data;
/*
* zone->lock and zone->lru_lock are two of the hottest locks in the kernel.
* So add a wild amount of padding here to ensure that they fall into separate
* cachelines. There are very few zone structures in the machine, so space
* consumption is not a concern here.
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
struct zone_padding {
char x[0];
} ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
#define ZONE_PADDING(name) struct zone_padding name;
#else
#define ZONE_PADDING(name)
#endif
enum zone_stat_item {
/* First 128 byte cacheline (assuming 64 bit words) */
NR_FREE_PAGES,
NR_LRU_BASE,
NR_INACTIVE_ANON = NR_LRU_BASE, /* must match order of LRU_[IN]ACTIVE */
NR_ACTIVE_ANON, /* " " " " " */
NR_INACTIVE_FILE, /* " " " " " */
NR_ACTIVE_FILE, /* " " " " " */
NR_UNEVICTABLE, /* " " " " " */
NR_MLOCK, /* mlock()ed pages found and moved off LRU */
NR_ANON_PAGES, /* Mapped anonymous pages */
NR_FILE_MAPPED, /* pagecache pages mapped into pagetables.
only modified from process context */
NR_FILE_PAGES,
NR_FILE_DIRTY,
NR_WRITEBACK,
NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE,
NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
NR_PAGETABLE, /* used for pagetables */
NR_KERNEL_STACK,
/* Second 128 byte cacheline */
NR_UNSTABLE_NFS, /* NFS unstable pages */
NR_BOUNCE,
NR_VMSCAN_WRITE,
NR_VMSCAN_WRITE_SKIP,
NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP, /* Writeback using temporary buffers */
NR_ISOLATED_ANON, /* Temporary isolated pages from anon lru */
NR_ISOLATED_FILE, /* Temporary isolated pages from file lru */
NR_SHMEM, /* shmem pages (included tmpfs/GEM pages) */
NR_DIRTIED, /* page dirtyings since bootup */
NR_WRITTEN, /* page writings since bootup */
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
NUMA_HIT, /* allocated in intended node */
NUMA_MISS, /* allocated in non intended node */
NUMA_FOREIGN, /* was intended here, hit elsewhere */
NUMA_INTERLEAVE_HIT, /* interleaver preferred this zone */
NUMA_LOCAL, /* allocation from local node */
NUMA_OTHER, /* allocation from other node */
#endif
NR_ANON_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGES,
NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS };
/*
* We do arithmetic on the LRU lists in various places in the code,
* so it is important to keep the active lists LRU_ACTIVE higher in
* the array than the corresponding inactive lists, and to keep
* the *_FILE lists LRU_FILE higher than the corresponding _ANON lists.
*
* This has to be kept in sync with the statistics in zone_stat_item
* above and the descriptions in vmstat_text in mm/vmstat.c
*/
#define LRU_BASE 0
#define LRU_ACTIVE 1
#define LRU_FILE 2
enum lru_list {
LRU_INACTIVE_ANON = LRU_BASE,
LRU_ACTIVE_ANON = LRU_BASE + LRU_ACTIVE,
LRU_INACTIVE_FILE = LRU_BASE + LRU_FILE,
LRU_ACTIVE_FILE = LRU_BASE + LRU_FILE + LRU_ACTIVE,
LRU_UNEVICTABLE,
NR_LRU_LISTS
};
#define for_each_lru(l) for (l = 0; l < NR_LRU_LISTS; l++)
#define for_each_evictable_lru(l) for (l = 0; l <= LRU_ACTIVE_FILE; l++)
static inline int is_file_lru(enum lru_list l)
{
return (l == LRU_INACTIVE_FILE || l == LRU_ACTIVE_FILE);
}
static inline int is_active_lru(enum lru_list l)
{
return (l == LRU_ACTIVE_ANON || l == LRU_ACTIVE_FILE);
}
static inline int is_unevictable_lru(enum lru_list l)
{
return (l == LRU_UNEVICTABLE);
}
/* Mask used at gathering information at once (see memcontrol.c) */
#define LRU_ALL_FILE (BIT(LRU_INACTIVE_FILE) | BIT(LRU_ACTIVE_FILE))
#define LRU_ALL_ANON (BIT(LRU_INACTIVE_ANON) | BIT(LRU_ACTIVE_ANON))
#define LRU_ALL_EVICTABLE (LRU_ALL_FILE | LRU_ALL_ANON)
#define LRU_ALL ((1 << NR_LRU_LISTS) - 1)
/* Isolate inactive pages */
#define ISOLATE_INACTIVE ((__force isolate_mode_t)0x1)
/* Isolate active pages */
#define ISOLATE_ACTIVE ((__force isolate_mode_t)0x2)
/* Isolate clean file */
#define ISOLATE_CLEAN ((__force isolate_mode_t)0x4)
/* Isolate unmapped file */
#define ISOLATE_UNMAPPED ((__force isolate_mode_t)0x8)
/* LRU Isolation modes. */
typedef unsigned __bitwise__ isolate_mode_t;
enum zone_watermarks {
WMARK_MIN,
WMARK_LOW,
WMARK_HIGH,
NR_WMARK
};
#define min_wmark_pages(z) (z->watermark[WMARK_MIN])
#define low_wmark_pages(z) (z->watermark[WMARK_LOW])
#define high_wmark_pages(z) (z->watermark[WMARK_HIGH])
struct per_cpu_pages {
int count; /* number of pages in the list */
int high; /* high watermark, emptying needed */
int batch; /* chunk size for buddy add/remove */
/* Lists of pages, one per migrate type stored on the pcp-lists */
struct list_head lists[MIGRATE_PCPTYPES];
};
struct per_cpu_pageset {
struct per_cpu_pages pcp;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
s8 expire;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
s8 stat_threshold;
s8 vm_stat_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
#endif
};
#endif /* !__GENERATING_BOUNDS.H */
enum zone_type {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
/*
* ZONE_DMA is used when there are devices that are not able
* to do DMA to all of addressable memory (ZONE_NORMAL). Then we
* carve out the portion of memory that is needed for these devices.
* The range is arch specific.
*
* Some examples
*
* Architecture Limit
* ---------------------------
* parisc, ia64, sparc <4G
* s390 <2G
* arm Various
* alpha Unlimited or 0-16MB.
*
* i386, x86_64 and multiple other arches
* <16M.
*/
ZONE_DMA,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
/*
* x86_64 needs two ZONE_DMAs because it supports devices that are
* only able to do DMA to the lower 16M but also 32 bit devices that
* can only do DMA areas below 4G.
*/
ZONE_DMA32,
#endif
/*
* Normal addressable memory is in ZONE_NORMAL. DMA operations can be
* performed on pages in ZONE_NORMAL if the DMA devices support
* transfers to all addressable memory.
*/
ZONE_NORMAL,
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
/*
* A memory area that is only addressable by the kernel through
* mapping portions into its own address space. This is for example
* used by i386 to allow the kernel to address the memory beyond
* 900MB. The kernel will set up special mappings (page
* table entries on i386) for each page that the kernel needs to
* access.
*/
ZONE_HIGHMEM,
#endif
ZONE_MOVABLE,
__MAX_NR_ZONES
};
#ifndef __GENERATING_BOUNDS_H
/*
* When a memory allocation must conform to specific limitations (such
* as being suitable for DMA) the caller will pass in hints to the
* allocator in the gfp_mask, in the zone modifier bits. These bits
* are used to select a priority ordered list of memory zones which
* match the requested limits. See gfp_zone() in include/linux/gfp.h
*/
#if MAX_NR_ZONES < 2
#define ZONES_SHIFT 0
#elif MAX_NR_ZONES <= 2
#define ZONES_SHIFT 1
#elif MAX_NR_ZONES <= 4
#define ZONES_SHIFT 2
#else
#error ZONES_SHIFT -- too many zones configured adjust calculation
#endif
struct zone_reclaim_stat {
/*
* The pageout code in vmscan.c keeps track of how many of the
* mem/swap backed and file backed pages are refeferenced.
* The higher the rotated/scanned ratio, the more valuable
* that cache is.
*
* The anon LRU stats live in [0], file LRU stats in [1]
*/
unsigned long recent_rotated[2];
unsigned long recent_scanned[2];
};
struct zone {
/* Fields commonly accessed by the page allocator */
/* zone watermarks, access with *_wmark_pages(zone) macros */
unsigned long watermark[NR_WMARK];
/*
* When free pages are below this point, additional steps are taken
* when reading the number of free pages to avoid per-cpu counter
* drift allowing watermarks to be breached
*/
unsigned long percpu_drift_mark;
/*
* We don't know if the memory that we're going to allocate will be freeable
* or/and it will be released eventually, so to avoid totally wasting several
* GB of ram we must reserve some of the lower zone memory (otherwise we risk
* to run OOM on the lower zones despite there's tons of freeable ram
* on the higher zones). This array is recalculated at runtime if the
* sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio sysctl changes.
*/
unsigned long lowmem_reserve[MAX_NR_ZONES];
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
int node;
/*
* zone reclaim becomes active if more unmapped pages exist.
*/
unsigned long min_unmapped_pages;
unsigned long min_slab_pages;
#endif
struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *pageset;
/*
* free areas of different sizes
*/
spinlock_t lock;
int all_unreclaimable; /* All pages pinned */
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
/* see spanned/present_pages for more description */
seqlock_t span_seqlock;
#endif
struct free_area free_area[MAX_ORDER];
#ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
/*
* Flags for a pageblock_nr_pages block. See pageblock-flags.h.
* In SPARSEMEM, this map is stored in struct mem_section
*/
unsigned long *pageblock_flags;
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
/*
* On compaction failure, 1<<compact_defer_shift compactions
* are skipped before trying again. The number attempted since
* last failure is tracked with compact_considered.
*/
unsigned int compact_considered;
unsigned int compact_defer_shift;
#endif
ZONE_PADDING(_pad1_)
/* Fields commonly accessed by the page reclaim scanner */
spinlock_t lru_lock;
struct zone_lru {
struct list_head list;
} lru[NR_LRU_LISTS];
struct zone_reclaim_stat reclaim_stat;
unsigned long pages_scanned; /* since last reclaim */
unsigned long flags; /* zone flags, see below */
/* Zone statistics */
atomic_long_t vm_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
/*
* The target ratio of ACTIVE_ANON to INACTIVE_ANON pages on
* this zone's LRU. Maintained by the pageout code.
*/
unsigned int inactive_ratio;
ZONE_PADDING(_pad2_)
/* Rarely used or read-mostly fields */
/*
* wait_table -- the array holding the hash table
* wait_table_hash_nr_entries -- the size of the hash table array
* wait_table_bits -- wait_table_size == (1 << wait_table_bits)
*
* The purpose of all these is to keep track of the people
* waiting for a page to become available and make them
* runnable again when possible. The trouble is that this
* consumes a lot of space, especially when so few things
* wait on pages at a given time. So instead of using
* per-page waitqueues, we use a waitqueue hash table.
*
* The bucket discipline is to sleep on the same queue when
* colliding and wake all in that wait queue when removing.
* When something wakes, it must check to be sure its page is
* truly available, a la thundering herd. The cost of a
* collision is great, but given the expected load of the
* table, they should be so rare as to be outweighed by the
* benefits from the saved space.
*
* __wait_on_page_locked() and unlock_page() in mm/filemap.c, are the
* primary users of these fields, and in mm/page_alloc.c
* free_area_init_core() performs the initialization of them.
*/
wait_queue_head_t * wait_table;
unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries;
unsigned long wait_table_bits;
/*
* Discontig memory support fields.
*/
struct pglist_data *zone_pgdat;
/* zone_start_pfn == zone_start_paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT */
unsigned long zone_start_pfn;
/*
* zone_start_pfn, spanned_pages and present_pages are all
* protected by span_seqlock. It is a seqlock because it has
* to be read outside of zone->lock, and it is done in the main
* allocator path. But, it is written quite infrequently.
*
* The lock is declared along with zone->lock because it is
* frequently read in proximity to zone->lock. It's good to
* give them a chance of being in the same cacheline.
*/
unsigned long spanned_pages; /* total size, including holes */
unsigned long present_pages; /* amount of memory (excluding holes) */
/*
* rarely used fields:
*/
const char *name;
} ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
typedef enum {
ZONE_RECLAIM_LOCKED, /* prevents concurrent reclaim */
ZONE_OOM_LOCKED, /* zone is in OOM killer zonelist */
ZONE_CONGESTED, /* zone has many dirty pages backed by
* a congested BDI
*/
} zone_flags_t;
static inline void zone_set_flag(struct zone *zone, zone_flags_t flag)
{
set_bit(flag, &zone->flags);
}
static inline int zone_test_and_set_flag(struct zone *zone, zone_flags_t flag)
{
return test_and_set_bit(flag, &zone->flags);
}
static inline void zone_clear_flag(struct zone *zone, zone_flags_t flag)
{
clear_bit(flag, &zone->flags);
}
static inline int zone_is_reclaim_congested(const struct zone *zone)
{
return test_bit(ZONE_CONGESTED, &zone->flags);
}
static inline int zone_is_reclaim_locked(const struct zone *zone)
{
return test_bit(ZONE_RECLAIM_LOCKED, &zone->flags);
}
static inline int zone_is_oom_locked(const struct zone *zone)
{
return test_bit(ZONE_OOM_LOCKED, &zone->flags);
}
/*
* The "priority" of VM scanning is how much of the queues we will scan in one
* go. A value of 12 for DEF_PRIORITY implies that we will scan 1/4096th of the
* queues ("queue_length >> 12") during an aging round.
*/
#define DEF_PRIORITY 12
/* Maximum number of zones on a zonelist */
#define MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST (MAX_NUMNODES * MAX_NR_ZONES)
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
* The NUMA zonelists are doubled because we need zonelists that restrict the
* allocations to a single node for GFP_THISNODE.
*
* [0] : Zonelist with fallback
* [1] : No fallback (GFP_THISNODE)
*/
#define MAX_ZONELISTS 2
/*
* We cache key information from each zonelist for smaller cache
* footprint when scanning for free pages in get_page_from_freelist().
*
* 1) The BITMAP fullzones tracks which zones in a zonelist have come
* up short of free memory since the last time (last_fullzone_zap)
* we zero'd fullzones.
* 2) The array z_to_n[] maps each zone in the zonelist to its node
* id, so that we can efficiently evaluate whether that node is
* set in the current tasks mems_allowed.
*
* Both fullzones and z_to_n[] are one-to-one with the zonelist,
* indexed by a zones offset in the zonelist zones[] array.
*
* The get_page_from_freelist() routine does two scans. During the
* first scan, we skip zones whose corresponding bit in 'fullzones'
* is set or whose corresponding node in current->mems_allowed (which
* comes from cpusets) is not set. During the second scan, we bypass
* this zonelist_cache, to ensure we look methodically at each zone.
*
* Once per second, we zero out (zap) fullzones, forcing us to
* reconsider nodes that might have regained more free memory.
* The field last_full_zap is the time we last zapped fullzones.
*
* This mechanism reduces the amount of time we waste repeatedly
* reexaming zones for free memory when they just came up low on
* memory momentarilly ago.
*
* The zonelist_cache struct members logically belong in struct
* zonelist. However, the mempolicy zonelists constructed for
* MPOL_BIND are intentionally variable length (and usually much
* shorter). A general purpose mechanism for handling structs with
* multiple variable length members is more mechanism than we want
* here. We resort to some special case hackery instead.
*
* The MPOL_BIND zonelists don't need this zonelist_cache (in good
* part because they are shorter), so we put the fixed length stuff
* at the front of the zonelist struct, ending in a variable length
* zones[], as is needed by MPOL_BIND.
*
* Then we put the optional zonelist cache on the end of the zonelist
* struct. This optional stuff is found by a 'zlcache_ptr' pointer in
* the fixed length portion at the front of the struct. This pointer
* both enables us to find the zonelist cache, and in the case of
* MPOL_BIND zonelists, (which will just set the zlcache_ptr to NULL)
* to know that the zonelist cache is not there.
*
* The end result is that struct zonelists come in two flavors:
* 1) The full, fixed length version, shown below, and
* 2) The custom zonelists for MPOL_BIND.
* The custom MPOL_BIND zonelists have a NULL zlcache_ptr and no zlcache.
*
* Even though there may be multiple CPU cores on a node modifying
* fullzones or last_full_zap in the same zonelist_cache at the same
* time, we don't lock it. This is just hint data - if it is wrong now
* and then, the allocator will still function, perhaps a bit slower.
*/
struct zonelist_cache {
unsigned short z_to_n[MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST]; /* zone->nid */
DECLARE_BITMAP(fullzones, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST); /* zone full? */
unsigned long last_full_zap; /* when last zap'd (jiffies) */
};
#else
#define MAX_ZONELISTS 1
struct zonelist_cache;
#endif
/*
* This struct contains information about a zone in a zonelist. It is stored
* here to avoid dereferences into large structures and lookups of tables
*/
struct zoneref {
struct zone *zone; /* Pointer to actual zone */
int zone_idx; /* zone_idx(zoneref->zone) */
};
/*
* One allocation request operates on a zonelist. A zonelist
* is a list of zones, the first one is the 'goal' of the
* allocation, the other zones are fallback zones, in decreasing
* priority.
*
* If zlcache_ptr is not NULL, then it is just the address of zlcache,
* as explained above. If zlcache_ptr is NULL, there is no zlcache.
* *
* To speed the reading of the zonelist, the zonerefs contain the zone index
* of the entry being read. Helper functions to access information given
* a struct zoneref are
*
* zonelist_zone() - Return the struct zone * for an entry in _zonerefs
* zonelist_zone_idx() - Return the index of the zone for an entry
* zonelist_node_idx() - Return the index of the node for an entry
*/
struct zonelist {
struct zonelist_cache *zlcache_ptr; // NULL or &zlcache
struct zoneref _zonerefs[MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST + 1];
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
struct zonelist_cache zlcache; // optional ...
#endif
};
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
struct node_active_region {
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long end_pfn;
int nid;
};
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP */
#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
/* The array of struct pages - for discontigmem use pgdat->lmem_map */
extern struct page *mem_map;
#endif
/*
* The pg_data_t structure is used in machines with CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
* (mostly NUMA machines?) to denote a higher-level memory zone than the
* zone denotes.
*
* On NUMA machines, each NUMA node would have a pg_data_t to describe
* it's memory layout.
*
* Memory statistics and page replacement data structures are maintained on a
* per-zone basis.
*/
struct bootmem_data;
typedef struct pglist_data {
struct zone node_zones[MAX_NR_ZONES];
struct zonelist node_zonelists[MAX_ZONELISTS];
int nr_zones;
#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP /* means !SPARSEMEM */
struct page *node_mem_map;
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR
struct page_cgroup *node_page_cgroup;
#endif
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM
struct bootmem_data *bdata;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
/*
* Must be held any time you expect node_start_pfn, node_present_pages
* or node_spanned_pages stay constant. Holding this will also
* guarantee that any pfn_valid() stays that way.
*
* Nests above zone->lock and zone->size_seqlock.
*/
spinlock_t node_size_lock;
#endif
unsigned long node_start_pfn;
unsigned long node_present_pages; /* total number of physical pages */
unsigned long node_spanned_pages; /* total size of physical page
range, including holes */
int node_id;
wait_queue_head_t kswapd_wait;
struct task_struct *kswapd;
int kswapd_max_order;
enum zone_type classzone_idx;
} pg_data_t;
#define node_present_pages(nid) (NODE_DATA(nid)->node_present_pages)
#define node_spanned_pages(nid) (NODE_DATA(nid)->node_spanned_pages)
#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
#define pgdat_page_nr(pgdat, pagenr) ((pgdat)->node_mem_map + (pagenr))
#else
#define pgdat_page_nr(pgdat, pagenr) pfn_to_page((pgdat)->node_start_pfn + (pagenr))
#endif
#define nid_page_nr(nid, pagenr) pgdat_page_nr(NODE_DATA(nid),(pagenr))
#define node_start_pfn(nid) (NODE_DATA(nid)->node_start_pfn)
#define node_end_pfn(nid) ({\
pg_data_t *__pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);\
__pgdat->node_start_pfn + __pgdat->node_spanned_pages;\
})
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
extern struct mutex zonelists_mutex;
void build_all_zonelists(void *data);
void wakeup_kswapd(struct zone *zone, int order, enum zone_type classzone_idx);
bool zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags);
bool zone_watermark_ok_safe(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags);
enum memmap_context {
MEMMAP_EARLY,
MEMMAP_HOTPLUG,
};
extern int init_currently_empty_zone(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
unsigned long size,
enum memmap_context context);
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT
void memory_present(int nid, unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
#else
static inline void memory_present(int nid, unsigned long start, unsigned long end) {}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
int local_memory_node(int node_id);
#else
static inline int local_memory_node(int node_id) { return node_id; };
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_NODE_MEMMAP_SIZE
unsigned long __init node_memmap_size_bytes(int, unsigned long, unsigned long);
#endif
/*
* zone_idx() returns 0 for the ZONE_DMA zone, 1 for the ZONE_NORMAL zone, etc.
*/
#define zone_idx(zone) ((zone) - (zone)->zone_pgdat->node_zones)
static inline int populated_zone(struct zone *zone)
{
return (!!zone->present_pages);
}
extern int movable_zone;
static inline int zone_movable_is_highmem(void)
{
#if defined(CONFIG_HIGHMEM) && defined(CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP)
return movable_zone == ZONE_HIGHMEM;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static inline int is_highmem_idx(enum zone_type idx)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
return (idx == ZONE_HIGHMEM ||
(idx == ZONE_MOVABLE && zone_movable_is_highmem()));
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static inline int is_normal_idx(enum zone_type idx)
{
return (idx == ZONE_NORMAL);
}
/**
* is_highmem - helper function to quickly check if a struct zone is a
* highmem zone or not. This is an attempt to keep references
* to ZONE_{DMA/NORMAL/HIGHMEM/etc} in general code to a minimum.
* @zone - pointer to struct zone variable
*/
static inline int is_highmem(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
int zone_off = (char *)zone - (char *)zone->zone_pgdat->node_zones;
return zone_off == ZONE_HIGHMEM * sizeof(*zone) ||
(zone_off == ZONE_MOVABLE * sizeof(*zone) &&
zone_movable_is_highmem());
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static inline int is_normal(struct zone *zone)
{
return zone == zone->zone_pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_NORMAL;
}
static inline int is_dma32(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
return zone == zone->zone_pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_DMA32;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static inline int is_dma(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
return zone == zone->zone_pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_DMA;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
/* These two functions are used to setup the per zone pages min values */
struct ctl_table;
int min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1];
int lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
int percpu_pagelist_fraction_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
int sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
int sysctl_min_slab_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int numa_zonelist_order_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
extern char numa_zonelist_order[];
#define NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN 16 /* string buffer size */
#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
extern struct pglist_data contig_page_data;
#define NODE_DATA(nid) (&contig_page_data)
#define NODE_MEM_MAP(nid) mem_map
#else /* CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES */
#include <asm/mmzone.h>
#endif /* !CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES */
extern struct pglist_data *first_online_pgdat(void);
extern struct pglist_data *next_online_pgdat(struct pglist_data *pgdat);
extern struct zone *next_zone(struct zone *zone);
/**
* for_each_online_pgdat - helper macro to iterate over all online nodes
* @pgdat - pointer to a pg_data_t variable
*/
#define for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) \
for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat(); \
pgdat; \
pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat))
/**
* for_each_zone - helper macro to iterate over all memory zones
* @zone - pointer to struct zone variable
*
* The user only needs to declare the zone variable, for_each_zone
* fills it in.
*/
#define for_each_zone(zone) \
for (zone = (first_online_pgdat())->node_zones; \
zone; \
zone = next_zone(zone))
#define for_each_populated_zone(zone) \
for (zone = (first_online_pgdat())->node_zones; \
zone; \
zone = next_zone(zone)) \
if (!populated_zone(zone)) \
; /* do nothing */ \
else
static inline struct zone *zonelist_zone(struct zoneref *zoneref)
{
return zoneref->zone;
}
static inline int zonelist_zone_idx(struct zoneref *zoneref)
{
return zoneref->zone_idx;
}
static inline int zonelist_node_idx(struct zoneref *zoneref)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* zone_to_nid not available in this context */
return zoneref->zone->node;
#else
return 0;
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
}
/**
* next_zones_zonelist - Returns the next zone at or below highest_zoneidx within the allowed nodemask using a cursor within a zonelist as a starting point
* @z - The cursor used as a starting point for the search
* @highest_zoneidx - The zone index of the highest zone to return
* @nodes - An optional nodemask to filter the zonelist with
* @zone - The first suitable zone found is returned via this parameter
*
* This function returns the next zone at or below a given zone index that is
* within the allowed nodemask using a cursor as the starting point for the
* search. The zoneref returned is a cursor that represents the current zone
* being examined. It should be advanced by one before calling
* next_zones_zonelist again.
*/
struct zoneref *next_zones_zonelist(struct zoneref *z,
enum zone_type highest_zoneidx,
nodemask_t *nodes,
struct zone **zone);
/**
* first_zones_zonelist - Returns the first zone at or below highest_zoneidx within the allowed nodemask in a zonelist
* @zonelist - The zonelist to search for a suitable zone
* @highest_zoneidx - The zone index of the highest zone to return
* @nodes - An optional nodemask to filter the zonelist with
* @zone - The first suitable zone found is returned via this parameter
*
* This function returns the first zone at or below a given zone index that is
* within the allowed nodemask. The zoneref returned is a cursor that can be
* used to iterate the zonelist with next_zones_zonelist by advancing it by
* one before calling.
*/
static inline struct zoneref *first_zones_zonelist(struct zonelist *zonelist,
enum zone_type highest_zoneidx,
nodemask_t *nodes,
struct zone **zone)
{
return next_zones_zonelist(zonelist->_zonerefs, highest_zoneidx, nodes,
zone);
}
/**
* for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask - helper macro to iterate over valid zones in a zonelist at or below a given zone index and within a nodemask
* @zone - The current zone in the iterator
* @z - The current pointer within zonelist->zones being iterated
* @zlist - The zonelist being iterated
* @highidx - The zone index of the highest zone to return
* @nodemask - Nodemask allowed by the allocator
*
* This iterator iterates though all zones at or below a given zone index and
* within a given nodemask
*/
#define for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zlist, highidx, nodemask) \
for (z = first_zones_zonelist(zlist, highidx, nodemask, &zone); \
zone; \
z = next_zones_zonelist(++z, highidx, nodemask, &zone)) \
/**
* for_each_zone_zonelist - helper macro to iterate over valid zones in a zonelist at or below a given zone index
* @zone - The current zone in the iterator
* @z - The current pointer within zonelist->zones being iterated
* @zlist - The zonelist being iterated
* @highidx - The zone index of the highest zone to return
*
* This iterator iterates though all zones at or below a given zone index.
*/
#define for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zlist, highidx) \
for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zlist, highidx, NULL)
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
#include <asm/sparsemem.h>
#endif
#if !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID) && \
!defined(CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP)
static inline unsigned long early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
{
return 0;
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
#define pfn_to_nid(pfn) (0)
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
/*
* SECTION_SHIFT #bits space required to store a section #
*
* PA_SECTION_SHIFT physical address to/from section number
* PFN_SECTION_SHIFT pfn to/from section number
*/
#define SECTIONS_SHIFT (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - SECTION_SIZE_BITS)
#define PA_SECTION_SHIFT (SECTION_SIZE_BITS)
#define PFN_SECTION_SHIFT (SECTION_SIZE_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT)
#define NR_MEM_SECTIONS (1UL << SECTIONS_SHIFT)
#define PAGES_PER_SECTION (1UL << PFN_SECTION_SHIFT)
#define PAGE_SECTION_MASK (~(PAGES_PER_SECTION-1))
#define SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS \
((1UL << (PFN_SECTION_SHIFT - pageblock_order)) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS)
#if (MAX_ORDER - 1 + PAGE_SHIFT) > SECTION_SIZE_BITS
#error Allocator MAX_ORDER exceeds SECTION_SIZE
#endif
#define pfn_to_section_nr(pfn) ((pfn) >> PFN_SECTION_SHIFT)
#define section_nr_to_pfn(sec) ((sec) << PFN_SECTION_SHIFT)
#define SECTION_ALIGN_UP(pfn) (((pfn) + PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1) & PAGE_SECTION_MASK)
#define SECTION_ALIGN_DOWN(pfn) ((pfn) & PAGE_SECTION_MASK)
struct page;
struct page_cgroup;
struct mem_section {
/*
* This is, logically, a pointer to an array of struct
* pages. However, it is stored with some other magic.
* (see sparse.c::sparse_init_one_section())
*
* Additionally during early boot we encode node id of
* the location of the section here to guide allocation.
* (see sparse.c::memory_present())
*
* Making it a UL at least makes someone do a cast
* before using it wrong.
*/
unsigned long section_mem_map;
/* See declaration of similar field in struct zone */
unsigned long *pageblock_flags;
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR
/*
* If !SPARSEMEM, pgdat doesn't have page_cgroup pointer. We use
* section. (see memcontrol.h/page_cgroup.h about this.)
*/
struct page_cgroup *page_cgroup;
unsigned long pad;
#endif
};
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
#define SECTIONS_PER_ROOT (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof (struct mem_section))
#else
#define SECTIONS_PER_ROOT 1
#endif
#define SECTION_NR_TO_ROOT(sec) ((sec) / SECTIONS_PER_ROOT)
#define NR_SECTION_ROOTS DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_MEM_SECTIONS, SECTIONS_PER_ROOT)
#define SECTION_ROOT_MASK (SECTIONS_PER_ROOT - 1)
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
extern struct mem_section *mem_section[NR_SECTION_ROOTS];
#else
extern struct mem_section mem_section[NR_SECTION_ROOTS][SECTIONS_PER_ROOT];
#endif
static inline struct mem_section *__nr_to_section(unsigned long nr)
{
if (!mem_section[SECTION_NR_TO_ROOT(nr)])
return NULL;
return &mem_section[SECTION_NR_TO_ROOT(nr)][nr & SECTION_ROOT_MASK];
}
extern int __section_nr(struct mem_section* ms);
extern unsigned long usemap_size(void);
/*
* We use the lower bits of the mem_map pointer to store
* a little bit of information. There should be at least
* 3 bits here due to 32-bit alignment.
*/
#define SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT (1UL<<0)
#define SECTION_HAS_MEM_MAP (1UL<<1)
#define SECTION_MAP_LAST_BIT (1UL<<2)
#define SECTION_MAP_MASK (~(SECTION_MAP_LAST_BIT-1))
#define SECTION_NID_SHIFT 2
static inline struct page *__section_mem_map_addr(struct mem_section *section)
{
unsigned long map = section->section_mem_map;
map &= SECTION_MAP_MASK;
return (struct page *)map;
}
static inline int present_section(struct mem_section *section)
{
return (section && (section->section_mem_map & SECTION_MARKED_PRESENT));
}
static inline int present_section_nr(unsigned long nr)
{
return present_section(__nr_to_section(nr));
}
static inline int valid_section(struct mem_section *section)
{
return (section && (section->section_mem_map & SECTION_HAS_MEM_MAP));
}
static inline int valid_section_nr(unsigned long nr)
{
return valid_section(__nr_to_section(nr));
}
static inline struct mem_section *__pfn_to_section(unsigned long pfn)
{
return __nr_to_section(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn));
}
#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
static inline int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
{
if (pfn_to_section_nr(pfn) >= NR_MEM_SECTIONS)
return 0;
return valid_section(__nr_to_section(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn)));
}
#endif
static inline int pfn_present(unsigned long pfn)
{
if (pfn_to_section_nr(pfn) >= NR_MEM_SECTIONS)
return 0;
return present_section(__nr_to_section(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn)));
}
/*
* These are _only_ used during initialisation, therefore they
* can use __initdata ... They could have names to indicate
* this restriction.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
#define pfn_to_nid(pfn) \
({ \
unsigned long __pfn_to_nid_pfn = (pfn); \
page_to_nid(pfn_to_page(__pfn_to_nid_pfn)); \
})
#else
#define pfn_to_nid(pfn) (0)
#endif
#define early_pfn_valid(pfn) pfn_valid(pfn)
void sparse_init(void);
#else
#define sparse_init() do {} while (0)
#define sparse_index_init(_sec, _nid) do {} while (0)
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
#ifdef CONFIG_NODES_SPAN_OTHER_NODES
bool early_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn, int nid);
#else
#define early_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid) (1)
#endif
#ifndef early_pfn_valid
#define early_pfn_valid(pfn) (1)
#endif
void memory_present(int nid, unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
unsigned long __init node_memmap_size_bytes(int, unsigned long, unsigned long);
/*
* If it is possible to have holes within a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES, then we
* need to check pfn validility within that MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES block.
* pfn_valid_within() should be used in this case; we optimise this away
* when we have no holes within a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES block.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
#define pfn_valid_within(pfn) pfn_valid(pfn)
#else
#define pfn_valid_within(pfn) (1)
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HOLES_MEMORYMODEL
/*
* pfn_valid() is meant to be able to tell if a given PFN has valid memmap
* associated with it or not. In FLATMEM, it is expected that holes always
* have valid memmap as long as there is valid PFNs either side of the hole.
* In SPARSEMEM, it is assumed that a valid section has a memmap for the
* entire section.
*
* However, an ARM, and maybe other embedded architectures in the future
* free memmap backing holes to save memory on the assumption the memmap is
* never used. The page_zone linkages are then broken even though pfn_valid()
* returns true. A walker of the full memmap must then do this additional
* check to ensure the memmap they are looking at is sane by making sure
* the zone and PFN linkages are still valid. This is expensive, but walkers
* of the full memmap are extremely rare.
*/
int memmap_valid_within(unsigned long pfn,
struct page *page, struct zone *zone);
#else
static inline int memmap_valid_within(unsigned long pfn,
struct page *page, struct zone *zone)
{
return 1;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_HOLES_MEMORYMODEL */
#endif /* !__GENERATING_BOUNDS.H */
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif /* _LINUX_MMZONE_H */